math.modf (x) Returns the integral part of x and the fractional part of x. Its second result is always a float.

math.pi The value of π.

math.rad (x) Converts the angle x from degrees to radians.

math.random ([m [, n]]) When called without arguments, returns a pseudo-random float with uniform distribution in the range [0,1). When called with two integers m and n, math.random returns a pseudo-random integer with uniform distribution in the range [m, n]. (The value n-m cannot be negative and must fit in a Lua integer.) The call math.random(n) is equivalent to math.random(1,n). This function is an interface to the underling pseudo-random generator function provided by C.

math.randomseed (x) Sets x as the "seed" for the pseudo-random generator: equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.

math.sin (x) Returns the sine of x (assumed to be in radians).

math.sqrt (x) Returns the square root of x. (You can also use the expression x^0.5 to compute this value.)

math.tan (x) Returns the tangent of x (assumed to be in radians).

math.tointeger (x) If the value x is convertible to an integer, returns that integer. Otherwise, returns nil.

math.type (x) Returns "integer" if x is an integer, "float" if it is a float, or nil if x is not a number.