inspect.isfunction(object) Return true if the object is a Python function, which includes functions created by a

bind(*args, **kwargs) Create a mapping from positional and keyword arguments to parameters. Returns BoundArguments

pop_all() Transfers the callback stack to a fresh ExitStack instance and returns it. No callbacks are invoked by

sys.abiflags On POSIX systems where Python was built with the standard configure script, this contains the ABI

inspect.getclasstree(classes, unique=False) Arrange the given list of classes into a hierarchy of nested lists. Where a nested

sys.displayhook(value) If value is not None, this function prints repr(value) to sys

sys.tracebacklimit When this variable is set to an integer value, it determines the maximum number of levels of traceback information

warnings.warn(message, category=None, stacklevel=1) Issue a warning, or maybe ignore it or raise an exception. The category

traceback.walk_stack(f) Walk a stack following f.f_back from the given frame, yielding the frame and line number

sys.last_value sys.last_traceback These three variables are not always defined; they are set when an exception is