posix.environ A dictionary representing the string environment at the time the interpreter was started. Keys and values are

pwd.getpwuid(uid) Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.

resource.setrlimit(resource, limits) Sets new limits of consumption of resource. The limits argument must

spwd.getspnam(name) Return the shadow password database entry for the given user name.

grp.getgrgid(gid) Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID.

fcntl.fcntl(fd, cmd, arg=0) Perform the operation cmd on file descriptor fd (file objects providing a

crypt.crypt(word, salt=None) word will usually be a user’s password as typed at a prompt or in a graphical interface

Template.prepend(cmd, kind) Add a new action at the beginning. See append() for explanations of the arguments.

spwd.getspall() Return a list of all available shadow password database entries, in arbitrary order.

Template.append(cmd, kind) Append a new action at the end. The cmd variable must be a valid bourne shell command. The