A PHP function is passed by its name as a string. Any built-in or user-defined function can be used, except language constructs such as: array(), echo, empty(), eval(), exit(), isset(), list(), print or unset().
A method of an instantiated object is passed as an array containing an object at index 0 and the method name at index 1. Accessing protected and private methods from within a class is allowed.
Static class methods can also be passed without instantiating an object of that class by passing the class name instead of an object at index 0. As of PHP 5.2.3, it is also possible to pass 'ClassName::methodName'.
Apart from common user-defined function, anonymous functions can also be passed to a callback parameter.
<?php
// An example callback function
function my_callback_function() {
echo 'hello world!';
}
// An example callback method
class MyClass {
static function myCallbackMethod() {
echo 'Hello World!';
}
}
// Type 1: Simple callback
call_user_func('my_callback_function');
// Type 2: Static class method call
call_user_func(array('MyClass', 'myCallbackMethod'));
// Type 3: Object method call
$obj = new MyClass();
call_user_func(array($obj, 'myCallbackMethod'));
// Type 4: Static class method call (As of PHP 5.2.3)
call_user_func('MyClass::myCallbackMethod');
// Type 5: Relative static class method call (As of PHP 5.3.0)
class A {
public static function who() {
echo "A\n";
}
}
class B extends A {
public static function who() {
echo "B\n";
}
}
call_user_func(array('B', 'parent::who')); // A
// Type 6: Objects implementing __invoke can be used as callables (since PHP 5.3)
class C {
public function __invoke($name) {
echo 'Hello ', $name, "\n";
}
}
$c = new C();
call_user_func($c, 'PHP!');
?>
<?php
// Our closure
$double = function($a) {
return $a * 2;
};
// This is our range of numbers
$numbers = range(1, 5);
// Use the closure as a callback here to
// double the size of each element in our
// range
$new_numbers = array_map($double, $numbers);
print implode(' ', $new_numbers);
?>
The above example will output:
2 4 6 8 10
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