os.confstr(name) Return string-valued system configuration values. name specifies the configuration value to retrieve; it may be a string which is the name of a defined system value; these names are specified in a number of standards (POSIX, Unix 95, Unix 98, and others). Some platforms define additional names as well. The names known to the host operating system are given as the keys of the confstr_names dictionary. For configuration variables not included in that mapping, passing an intege

os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high) Close all file descriptors from fd_low (inclusive) to fd_high (exclusive), ignoring errors. Equivalent to (but much faster than): for fd in range(fd_low, fd_high): try: os.close(fd) except OSError: pass

os.close(fd) Close file descriptor fd. Note This function is intended for low-level I/O and must be applied to a file descriptor as returned by os.open() or pipe(). To close a “file object” returned by the built-in function open() or by popen() or fdopen(), use its close() method.

os.chroot(path) Change the root directory of the current process to path. Availability: Unix.

os.chown(path, uid, gid, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True) Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid. To leave one of the ids unchanged, set it to -1. This function can support specifying a file descriptor, paths relative to directory descriptors and not following symlinks. See shutil.chown() for a higher-level function that accepts names in addition to numeric ids. Availability: Unix. New in version 3.3: Added support for specifying an open file descriptor for pa

os.chmod(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True) Change the mode of path to the numeric mode. mode may take one of the following values (as defined in the stat module) or bitwise ORed combinations of them: stat.S_ISUID stat.S_ISGID stat.S_ENFMT stat.S_ISVTX stat.S_IREAD stat.S_IWRITE stat.S_IEXEC stat.S_IRWXU stat.S_IRUSR stat.S_IWUSR stat.S_IXUSR stat.S_IRWXG stat.S_IRGRP stat.S_IWGRP stat.S_IXGRP stat.S_IRWXO stat.S_IROTH stat.S_IWOTH stat.S_IXOTH This function can support spec

os.chflags(path, flags, *, follow_symlinks=True) Set the flags of path to the numeric flags. flags may take a combination (bitwise OR) of the following values (as defined in the stat module): stat.UF_NODUMP stat.UF_IMMUTABLE stat.UF_APPEND stat.UF_OPAQUE stat.UF_NOUNLINK stat.UF_COMPRESSED stat.UF_HIDDEN stat.SF_ARCHIVED stat.SF_IMMUTABLE stat.SF_APPEND stat.SF_NOUNLINK stat.SF_SNAPSHOT This function can support not following symlinks. Availability: Unix. New in version 3.3: The follow_sy

os.chdir(path) Change the current working directory to path. This function can support specifying a file descriptor. The descriptor must refer to an opened directory, not an open file. New in version 3.3: Added support for specifying path as a file descriptor on some platforms.

os.altsep An alternative character used by the operating system to separate pathname components, or None if only one separator character exists. This is set to '/' on Windows systems where sep is a backslash. Also available via os.path.

os.access(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, effective_ids=False, follow_symlinks=True) Use the real uid/gid to test for access to path. Note that most operations will use the effective uid/gid, therefore this routine can be used in a suid/sgid environment to test if the invoking user has the specified access to path. mode should be F_OK to test the existence of path, or it can be the inclusive OR of one or more of R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK to test permissions. Return True if access is allowed, False if