hashlib.algorithms_available A set containing the names of the hash algorithms that are available in the running Python interpreter. These names will be recognized when passed to new(). algorithms_guaranteed will always be a subset. The same algorithm may appear multiple times in this set under different names (thanks to OpenSSL). New in version 3.2.

hash(object) Return the hash value of the object (if it has one). Hash values are integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup. Numeric values that compare equal have the same hash value (even if they are of different types, as is the case for 1 and 1.0). Note For object’s with custom __hash__() methods, note that hash() truncates the return value based on the bit width of the host machine. See __hash__() for details.

hasattr(object, name) The arguments are an object and a string. The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not. (This is implemented by calling getattr(object, name) and seeing whether it raises an AttributeError or not.)

gzip.open(filename, mode='rb', compresslevel=9, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None) Open a gzip-compressed file in binary or text mode, returning a file object. The filename argument can be an actual filename (a str or bytes object), or an existing file object to read from or write to. The mode argument can be any of 'r', 'rb', 'a', 'ab', 'w', 'wb', 'x' or 'xb' for binary mode, or 'rt', 'at', 'wt', or 'xt' for text mode. The default is 'rb'. The compresslevel argument is an integer fro

peek(n) Read n uncompressed bytes without advancing the file position. At most one single read on the compressed stream is done to satisfy the call. The number of bytes returned may be more or less than requested. Note While calling peek() does not change the file position of the GzipFile, it may change the position of the underlying file object (e.g. if the GzipFile was constructed with the fileobj parameter). New in version 3.2.

mtime When decompressing, the value of the last modification time field in the most recently read header may be read from this attribute, as an integer. The initial value before reading any headers is None. All gzip compressed streams are required to contain this timestamp field. Some programs, such as gunzip, make use of the timestamp. The format is the same as the return value of time.time() and the st_mtime attribute of the object returned by os.stat().

class gzip.GzipFile(filename=None, mode=None, compresslevel=9, fileobj=None, mtime=None) Constructor for the GzipFile class, which simulates most of the methods of a file object, with the exception of the truncate() method. At least one of fileobj and filename must be given a non-trivial value. The new class instance is based on fileobj, which can be a regular file, an io.BytesIO object, or any other object which simulates a file. It defaults to None, in which case filename is opened to prov

gzip.decompress(data) Decompress the data, returning a bytes object containing the uncompressed data. New in version 3.2.

gzip.compress(data, compresslevel=9) Compress the data, returning a bytes object containing the compressed data. compresslevel has the same meaning as in the GzipFile constructor above. New in version 3.2.

grp.getgrnam(name) Return the group database entry for the given group name. KeyError is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.