bytes.decode(encoding="utf-8", errors="strict") bytearray.decode(encoding="utf-8", errors="strict") Return a string decoded from the given bytes. Default encoding is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default for errors is 'strict', meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and any other name registered via codecs.register_error(), see section Error Handlers. For a list of possible encodings, see se

bytes.count(sub[, start[, end]]) bytearray.count(sub[, start[, end]]) Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsequence sub in the range [start, end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. The subsequence to search for may be any bytes-like object or an integer in the range 0 to 255. Changed in version 3.3: Also accept an integer in the range 0 to 255 as the subsequence.

bytes.center(width[, fillbyte]) bytearray.center(width[, fillbyte]) Return a copy of the object centered in a sequence of length width. Padding is done using the specified fillbyte (default is an ASCII space). For bytes objects, the original sequence is returned if width is less than or equal to len(s). Note The bytearray version of this method does not operate in place - it always produces a new object, even if no changes were made.

bytes.capitalize() bytearray.capitalize() Return a copy of the sequence with each byte interpreted as an ASCII character, and the first byte capitalized and the rest lowercased. Non-ASCII byte values are passed through unchanged. Note The bytearray version of this method does not operate in place - it always produces a new object, even if no changes were made.

class bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]]) Return a new “bytes” object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. bytes is an immutable version of bytearray – it has the same non-mutating methods and the same indexing and slicing behavior. Accordingly, constructor arguments are interpreted as for bytearray(). Bytes objects can also be created with literals, see String and Bytes literals. See also Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview, Bytes,

bytearray.zfill(width) Return a copy of the sequence left filled with ASCII b'0' digits to make a sequence of length width. A leading sign prefix (b'+'/ b'-' is handled by inserting the padding after the sign character rather than before. For bytes objects, the original sequence is returned if width is less than or equal to len(seq). For example: >>> b"42".zfill(5) b'00042' >>> b"-42".zfill(5) b'-0042' Note The bytearray version of this method does not operate in place -

bytearray.upper() Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart. For example: >>> b'Hello World'.upper() b'HELLO WORLD' Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'. Note The bytearray version of this method does not operate in place - it always produces a new

bytearray.translate(table[, delete]) Return a copy of the bytes or bytearray object where all bytes occurring in the optional argument delete are removed, and the remaining bytes have been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256. You can use the bytes.maketrans() method to create a translation table. Set the table argument to None for translations that only delete characters: >>> b'read this short text'.translate(None, b'aeiou') b'rd th

bytearray.title() Return a titlecased version of the binary sequence where words start with an uppercase ASCII character and the remaining characters are lowercase. Uncased byte values are left unmodified. For example: >>> b'Hello world'.title() b'Hello World' Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'. All other byte values are uncased

bytearray.swapcase() Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart and vice-versa. For example: >>> b'Hello World'.swapcase() b'hELLO wORLD' Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'. Unlike str.swapcase(), it is always the case that bin.swapcase().swapcase(