socket.gethostname() Return a string containing the hostname of the machine where the Python interpreter is currently executing. Note: gethostname() doesn’t always return the fully qualified domain name; use getfqdn() for that.

AbstractEventLoop.add_reader(fd, callback, *args) Start watching the file descriptor for read availability and then call the callback with specified arguments. Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

os.path.normcase(path) Normalize the case of a pathname. On Unix and Mac OS X, this returns the path unchanged; on case-insensitive filesystems, it converts the path to lowercase. On Windows, it also converts forward slashes to backward slashes. Raise a TypeError if the type of path is not str or bytes.

sysconfig.parse_config_h(fp[, vars]) Parse a config.h-style file. fp is a file-like object pointing to the config.h-like file. A dictionary containing name/value pairs is returned. If an optional dictionary is passed in as the second argument, it is used instead of a new dictionary, and updated with the values read in the file.

multiprocessing.Array(typecode_or_type, size_or_initializer, *, lock=True) Return a ctypes array allocated from shared memory. By default the return value is actually a synchronized wrapper for the array. typecode_or_type determines the type of the elements of the returned array: it is either a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind used by the array module. If size_or_initializer is an integer, then it determines the length of the array, and the array will be initially zeroed.

pty.spawn(argv[, master_read[, stdin_read]]) Spawn a process, and connect its controlling terminal with the current process’s standard io. This is often used to baffle programs which insist on reading from the controlling terminal. The functions master_read and stdin_read should be functions which read from a file descriptor. The defaults try to read 1024 bytes each time they are called. Changed in version 3.4: spawn() now returns the status value from os.waitpid() on the child process.

warnings.simplefilter(action, category=Warning, lineno=0, append=False) Insert a simple entry into the list of warnings filter specifications. The meaning of the function parameters is as for filterwarnings(), but regular expressions are not needed as the filter inserted always matches any message in any module as long as the category and line number match.

drop_whitespace (default: True) If true, whitespace at the beginning and ending of every line (after wrapping but before indenting) is dropped. Whitespace at the beginning of the paragraph, however, is not dropped if non-whitespace follows it. If whitespace being dropped takes up an entire line, the whole line is dropped.

wait([timeout]) Wait until the result is available or until timeout seconds pass.

skipped A list containing 2-tuples of TestCase instances and strings holding the reason for skipping the test. New in version 3.1.