Provides for linkage between modules written in different programming languages. extern

Defines an abstract type which cannot be instantiated, but can be used as a base class. Syntax pure

Statements are fragments of the C++ program that are executed in sequence. The body of any function is a sequence of statements. For example:

Initializes an object from another object. Syntax

Executes a statement repeatedly, until the value of condition becomes false. The test takes place before

This is a brief reference of available C++ language constructs.

Declarations introduce (or re-introduce) names into the C++ program. Each kind of entity is declared differently.

A constructor that is not declared with the specifier explicit

The preprocessor supports conditional compilation of parts of source file. This behavior is controlled by #if, #else, #elif, #ifdef

Safely converts pointers and references to classes up, down, and sideways along the inheritance hierarchy. Syntax