Purpose
The if
binding causes a section of markup to appear in your document (and to have its data-bind
attributes applied), only if a specified expression evaluates to true
(or a true
-ish value such as a non-null
object or nonempty string).
if
plays a similar role to the visible
binding. The difference is that, with visible
, the contained markup always remains in the DOM and always has its data-bind
attributes applied - the visible
binding just uses CSS to toggle the container element’s visiblity. The if
binding, however, physically adds or removes the contained markup in your DOM, and only applies bindings to descendants if the expression is true
.
Example 1
This example shows that the if
binding can dynamically add and remove sections of markup as observable values change.
Source code: View
<label><input type="checkbox" data-bind="checked: displayMessage" /> Display message</label> <div data-bind="if: displayMessage">Here is a message. Astonishing.</div>
Source code: View model
ko.applyBindings({ displayMessage: ko.observable(false) });
Example 2
In the following example, the <div>
element will be empty for “Mercury”, but populated for “Earth”. That’s because Earth has a non-null capital
property, whereas “Mercury” has null
for that property.
<ul data-bind="foreach: planets"> <li> Planet: <b data-bind="text: name"> </b> <div data-bind="if: capital"> Capital: <b data-bind="text: capital.cityName"> </b> </div> </li> </ul> <script> ko.applyBindings({ planets: [ { name: 'Mercury', capital: null }, { name: 'Earth', capital: { cityName: 'Barnsley' } } ] }); </script>
It’s important to understand that the if
binding really is vital to make this code work properly. Without it, there would be an error when trying to evaluate capital.cityName
in the context of “Mercury” where capital
is null
. In JavaScript, you’re not allowed to evaluate subproperties of null
or undefined
values.
Parameters
-
Main parameter
The expression you wish to evaluate. If it evaluates to
true
(or a true-ish value), the contained markup will be present in the document, and anydata-bind
attributes on it will be applied. If your expression evaluates tofalse
, the contained markup will be removed from your document without first applying any bindings to it.If your expression involves any observable values, the expression will be re-evaluated whenever any of them change. Correspondingly, the markup within your
if
block can be added or removed dynamically as the result of the expression changes.data-bind
attributes will be applied to a new copy of the contained markup whenever it is re-added. -
Additional parameters
- None
Note: Using “if” without a container element
Sometimes you may want to control the presence/absence of a section of markup without having any container element that can hold an if
binding. For example, you might want to control whether a certain <li>
element appears alongside siblings that always appear:
<ul> <li>This item always appears</li> <li>I want to make this item present/absent dynamically</li> </ul>
In this case, you can’t put if
on the <ul>
(because then it would affect the first <li>
too), and you can’t put any other container around the second <li>
(because HTML doesn’t allow extra containers within <ul>
s).
To handle this, you can use the containerless control flow syntax, which is based on comment tags. For example,
<ul> <li>This item always appears</li> <!-- ko if: someExpressionGoesHere --> <li>I want to make this item present/absent dynamically</li> <!-- /ko --> </ul>
The <!-- ko -->
and <!-- /ko -->
comments act as start/end markers, defining a “virtual element” that contains the markup inside. Knockout understands this virtual element syntax and binds as if you had a real container element.
Dependencies
None, other than the core Knockout library.
Please login to continue.