urllib.parse.urlparse(urlstring, scheme='', allow_fragments=True)
Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-tuple. This corresponds to the general structure of a URL: scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment. Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty. The components are not broken up in smaller parts (for example, the network location is a single string), and % escapes are not expanded. The delimiters as shown above are not part of the result, except for a leading slash in the path component, which is retained if present. For example:
>>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
>>> o = urlparse('http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
>>> o
ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
params='', query='', fragment='')
>>> o.scheme
'http'
>>> o.port
80
>>> o.geturl()
'http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html'
Following the syntax specifications in RFC 1808, urlparse recognizes a netloc only if it is properly introduced by ‘//’. Otherwise the input is presumed to be a relative URL and thus to start with a path component.
>>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
>>> urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
params='', query='', fragment='')
>>> urlparse('www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html')
ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',
params='', query='', fragment='')
>>> urlparse('help/Python.html')
ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html', params='',
query='', fragment='')
The scheme argument gives the default addressing scheme, to be used only if the URL does not specify one. It should be the same type (text or bytes) as urlstring, except that the default value '' is always allowed, and is automatically converted to b'' if appropriate.
If the allow_fragments argument is false, fragment identifiers are not recognized. Instead, they are parsed as part of the path, parameters or query component, and fragment is set to the empty string in the return value.
The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of tuple. This class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:
| Attribute | Index | Value | Value if not present |
|---|---|---|---|
scheme | 0 | URL scheme specifier | scheme parameter |
netloc | 1 | Network location part | empty string |
path | 2 | Hierarchical path | empty string |
params | 3 | Parameters for last path element | empty string |
query | 4 | Query component | empty string |
fragment | 5 | Fragment identifier | empty string |
username | User name | None | |
password | Password | None | |
hostname | Host name (lower case) | None | |
port | Port number as integer, if present | None |
See section Structured Parse Results for more information on the result object.
Changed in version 3.2: Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities.
Changed in version 3.3: The fragment is now parsed for all URL schemes (unless allow_fragment is false), in accordance with RFC 3986. Previously, a whitelist of schemes that support fragments existed.
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