class ExtractSecond(expression, tzinfo=None, **extra) [source]
-
lookup_name = 'second'
These are logically equivalent to Extract('datetime_field', lookup_name). Each class is also a Transform registered on DateTimeField as __(lookup_name), e.g. __minute.
DateTimeField examples:
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> from django.db.models.functions import (
... ExtractYear, ExtractMonth, ExtractDay, ExtractWeekDay,
... ExtractHour, ExtractMinute, ExtractSecond,
... )
>>> start_2015 = datetime(2015, 6, 15, 23, 30, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
>>> end_2015 = datetime(2015, 6, 16, 13, 11, 27, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
>>> Experiment.objects.create(
... start_datetime=start_2015, start_date=start_2015.date(),
... end_datetime=end_2015, end_date=end_2015.date())
>>> Experiment.objects.annotate(
... year=ExtractYear('start_datetime'),
... month=ExtractMonth('start_datetime'),
... day=ExtractDay('start_datetime'),
... weekday=ExtractWeekDay('start_datetime'),
... hour=ExtractHour('start_datetime'),
... minute=ExtractMinute('start_datetime'),
... second=ExtractSecond('start_datetime'),
... ).values(
... 'year', 'month', 'day', 'weekday', 'hour', 'minute', 'second',
... ).get(end_datetime__year=ExtractYear('start_datetime'))
{'year': 2015, 'month': 6, 'day': 15, 'weekday': 2, 'hour': 23, 'minute': 30, 'second': 1}
When USE_TZ is True then datetimes are stored in the database in UTC. If a different timezone is active in Django, the datetime is converted to that timezone before the value is extracted. The example below converts to the Melbourne timezone (UTC +10:00), which changes the day, weekday, and hour values that are returned:
>>> import pytz
>>> tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Australia/Melbourne') # UTC+10:00
>>> with timezone.override(tzinfo):
... Experiment.objects.annotate(
... day=ExtractDay('start_datetime'),
... weekday=ExtractWeekDay('start_datetime'),
... hour=ExtractHour('start_datetime'),
... ).values('day', 'weekday', 'hour').get(
... end_datetime__year=ExtractYear('start_datetime'),
... )
{'day': 16, 'weekday': 3, 'hour': 9}
Explicitly passing the timezone to the Extract function behaves in the same way, and takes priority over an active timezone:
>>> import pytz
>>> tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Australia/Melbourne')
>>> Experiment.objects.annotate(
... day=ExtractDay('start_datetime', tzinfo=melb),
... weekday=ExtractWeekDay('start_datetime', tzinfo=melb),
... hour=ExtractHour('start_datetime', tzinfo=melb),
... ).values('day', 'weekday', 'hour').get(
... end_datetime__year=ExtractYear('start_datetime'),
... )
{'day': 16, 'weekday': 3, 'hour': 9}
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