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log10

Defined in header <math.h>
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float       log10f( float arg );
 (1) (since C99)
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double      log10( double arg );
 (2)
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long double log10l( long double arg );
 (3) (since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
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#define log10( arg )
 (4) (since C99)
1-3) Computes the common (base-10) logarithm of arg.
4) Type-generic macro: If arg has type long double, log10l is called. Otherwise, if arg has integer type or the type double, log10 is called. Otherwise, log10f is called.

Parameters

arg - floating point value

Return value

If no errors occur, the common (base-10) logarithm of arg (log
10(arg) or lg(arg)) is returned.

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported).

If a pole error occurs, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

Domain error occurs if arg is less than zero.

Pole error may occur if arg is zero.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

  • If the argument is ±0, -∞ is returned and FE_DIVBYZERO is raised.
  • If the argument is 1, +0 is returned
  • If the argument is negative, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised.
  • If the argument is +∞, +∞ is returned
  • If the argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Example

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    printf("log10(1000) = %f\n", log10(1000));
    printf("log10(0.001) = %f\n", log10(0.001));
    printf("base-5 logarithm of 125 = %f\n", log10(125)/log10(5));
    // special values
    printf("log10(1) = %f\n", log10(1));
    printf("log10(+Inf) = %f\n", log10(INFINITY));
    //error handling
    errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("log10(0) = %f\n", log10(0));
    if(errno == ERANGE) perror("    errno == ERANGE");
    if(fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO)) puts("    FE_DIVBYZERO raised");
}

Possible output:

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log10(1000) = 3.000000
log10(0.001) = -3.000000
base-5 logarithm of 125 = 3.000000
log10(1) = 0.000000
log10(+Inf) = inf
log10(0) = -inf
    errno == ERANGE: Numerical result out of range
    FE_DIVBYZERO raised

References

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
    • 7.12.6.8 The log10 functions (p: 245)
    • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)
    • F.10.3.8 The log10 functions (p: 522)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
    • 7.12.6.8 The log10 functions (p: 225-226)
    • 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)
    • F.9.3.8 The log10 functions (p: 459)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
    • 4.5.4.5 The log10 function

See also

(C99)(C99)
 computes natural (base-e) logarithm (ln(x))
(function)
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes base-2 logarithm (log2(x))
(function)
(C99)(C99)(C99)
 computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x))
(function)
C++ documentation for log10
doc_C_Language
doc_C_Language
2025-01-10 15:47:30
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