round

float       roundf( float arg );

double      round( double arg );

long double roundl( long double arg );

#define round( arg )

long      lroundf( float arg );

long      lround( double arg );

long      lroundl( long double arg );

#define lround( arg )

long long llroundf( float arg );

long long llround( double arg );

long long llroundl( long double arg );

#define llround( arg )

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, the nearest integer value to arg, rounding halfway cases away from zero, is returned.

Return value

Argument

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the result of lround or llround is outside the range representable by the return type, a domain error or a range error may occur.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559), For the round, roundf, and roundl function:

• The current rounding mode has no effect.
• If arg is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified
• If arg is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
• If arg is NaN, NaN is returned

For lround and llround families of functions:

• FE_INEXACT is never raised
• The current rounding mode has no effect.
• If arg is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
• If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
• If arg is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned

Notes

FE_INEXACT may be (but isn't required to be) raised by round when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so round never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

POSIX specifies that all cases where lround or llround raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

The double version of round behaves as if implemented as follows:

#include <math.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
double round(double x)
{
    fenv_t save_env;
    feholdexcept(&save_env);
    double result = rint(x);
    if (fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT)) {
        fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
        result = rint(copysign(0.5 + fabs(x), x));
    }
    feupdateenv(&save_env);
    return result;
}

Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#include <limits.h>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main(void)
{
    // round
    printf("round(+2.3) = %+.1f  ", round(2.3));
    printf("round(+2.5) = %+.1f  ", round(2.5));
    printf("round(+2.7) = %+.1f\n", round(2.7));
    printf("round(-2.3) = %+.1f  ", round(-2.3));
    printf("round(-2.5) = %+.1f  ", round(-2.5));
    printf("round(-2.7) = %+.1f\n", round(-2.7));
 
    printf("round(-0.0) = %+.1f\n", round(-0.0));
    printf("round(-Inf) = %+f\n",   round(-INFINITY));
 
    // lround
    printf("lround(+2.3) = %ld  ", lround(2.3));
    printf("lround(+2.5) = %ld  ", lround(2.5));
    printf("lround(+2.7) = %ld\n", lround(2.7));
    printf("lround(-2.3) = %ld  ", lround(-2.3));
    printf("lround(-2.5) = %ld  ", lround(-2.5));
    printf("lround(-2.7) = %ld\n", lround(-2.7));
 
    printf("lround(-0.0) = %ld\n", lround(-0.0));
    printf("lround(-Inf) = %ld\n", lround(-INFINITY)); // FE_INVALID raised
 
    // error handling
    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = %ld\n", lround(LONG_MAX+1.5));
    if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts("    FE_INVALID was raised");
}

round(+2.3) = +2.0  round(+2.5) = +3.0  round(+2.7) = +3.0
round(-2.3) = -2.0  round(-2.5) = -3.0  round(-2.7) = -3.0
round(-0.0) = -0.0
round(-Inf) = -inf
lround(+2.3) = 2  lround(+2.5) = 3  lround(+2.7) = 3
lround(-2.3) = -2  lround(-2.5) = -3  lround(-2.7) = -3
lround(-0.0) = 0
lround(-Inf) = -9223372036854775808
lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = -9223372036854775808
    FE_INVALID was raised

References

• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 7.12.9.6 The round functions (p: 253)
  • 7.12.9.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 253)
  • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)
  • F.10.6.6 The round functions (p: 527)
  • F.10.6.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 528)
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 7.12.9.6 The round functions (p: 233)
  • 7.12.9.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 234)
  • 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)
  • F.9.6.6 The round functions (p: 464)
  • F.9.6.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 464)

See also