scalbln

float       scalbnf( float arg, int exp );

double      scalbn( double arg, int exp );

long double scalbnl( long double arg, int exp );

#define scalbn( arg, exp )

float       scalblnf( float arg, long exp );

double      scalbln( double arg, long exp );

long double scalblnl( long double arg, long exp );

#define scalbln( arg, exp )

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, arg multiplied by FLT_RADIX to the power of exp (arg×FLT_RADIXexp
) is returned.

If a range error due to overflow occurs, ±HUGE_VAL, ±HUGE_VALF, or ±HUGE_VALL is returned.

If a range error due to underflow occurs, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• Unless a range error occurs, FE_INEXACT is never raised (the result is exact)
• Unless a range error occurs, the current rounding mode is ignored
• If arg is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
• If arg is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified
• If exp is 0, then arg is returned, unmodified
• If arg is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

On binary systems (where FLT_RADIX is 2), scalbn is equivalent to ldexp.

Although std::scalbn and std::scalbln are specified to perform the operation efficiently, on many implementations they are less efficient than multiplication or division by a power of two using arithmetic operators.

The scalbln function is provided because the factor required to scale from the smallest positive floating-point value to the largest finite one may be greater than 32767, the standard-guaranteed INT_MAX. In particular, for the 80-bit long double, the factor is 32828.

The GNU implementation does not set errno regardless of math_errhandling.

Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    printf("scalbn(7, -4) = %f\n", scalbn(7, -4));
    printf("scalbn(1, -1074) = %g (minimum positive subnormal double)\n",
            scalbn(1, -1074));
    printf("scalbn(nextafter(1,0), 1024) = %g (largest finite double)\n",
            scalbn(nextafter(1,0), 1024));
    // special values
    printf("scalbn(-0, 10) = %f\n", scalbn(-0.0, 10));
    printf("scalbn(-Inf, -1) = %f\n", scalbn(-INFINITY, -1));
    //error handling
    errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("scalbn(1, 1024) = %f\n", scalbn(1, 1024));
    if(errno == ERANGE) perror("    errno == ERANGE");
    if(fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) puts("    FE_OVERFLOW raised");
}

scalbn(7, -4) = 0.437500
scalbn(1, -1074) = 4.94066e-324 (minimum positive subnormal double)
scalbn(nextafter(1,0), 1024) = 1.79769e+308 (largest finite double)
scalbn(-0, 10) = -0.000000
scalbn(-Inf, -1) = -inf
scalbn(1, 1024) = inf
    errno == ERANGE: Numerical result out of range
    FE_OVERFLOW raised

References

• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 7.12.6.13 The scalbn functions (p: 247)
  • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)
  • F.10.3.13 The scalbn functions (p: 523)
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 7.12.6.13 The scalbn functions (p: 228)
  • 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)
  • F.9.3.13 The scalbn functions (p: 460)

See also