wcstok

Defined in header `<wchar.h>`
	(1)
wchar_t* wcstok( wchar_t* str, const wchar_t* delim, wchar_t **ptr );		(since C95) (until C99)
wchar_t wcstok(wchar_t restrict str, const wchar_t * restrict delim, wchar_t **restrict ptr);		(since C99)
wchar_t wcstok_s( wchar_t restrict str, rsize_t restrict strmax, const wchar_t restrict delim, wchar_t **restrict ptr);		(2)	(since C11)

1) Finds the next token in a null-terminated wide string pointed to by str. The separator characters are identified by null-terminated wide string pointed to by delim.

This function is designed to be called multiples times to obtain successive tokens from the same string.

If str != NULL, the call is treated as the first call to wcstok for this particular wide string. The function searches for the first wide character which is not contained in delim.
If no such wide character was found, there are no tokens in str at all, and the function returns a null pointer.
If such wide character was found, it is the beginning of the token. The function then searches from that point on for the first wide character that is contained in delim.
- If no such wide character was found, str has only one token, and future calls to wcstok will return a null pointer
- If such wide character was found, it is replaced by the null wide character L'\0' and the parser state (typically a pointer to the following wide character) is stored in the user-provided location *ptr.
The function then returns the pointer to the beginning of the token
If str == NULL, the call is treated as a subsequent call to wcstok: the function continues from where it left in the previous invocation with the same *ptr. The behavior is the same as if the pointer to the wide character that follows the last detected token is passed as str.

2) Same as (1), except that on every step, writes the number of characters left to see in str into *strmax. Repeat calls (with null str) must pass both strmax and ptr with the values stored by the previous call. Also, the following errors are detected at runtime and call the currently installed constraint handler function, without storing anything in the object pointed to by ptr

strmax, delim, or ptr is a null pointer
on a non-initial call (with null str), *ptr is a null pointer
on the first call, *strmax is zero or greater than RSIZE_MAX/sizeof(wchar_t)
search for the end of a token reaches the end of the source string (as measured by the initial value of *strmax)) without encountering the null terminator

As all bounds-checked functions, wcstok_s is only guaranteed to be available if __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ is defined by the implementation and if the user defines __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ to the integer constant 1 before including wchar.h.

Parameters

str	-	pointer to the null-terminated wide string to tokenize
delim	-	pointer to the null-terminated wide string identifying delimiters
ptr	-	pointer to an object of type `wchar_t*`, which is used by both `wcstok` and `wcstok_s` to store the internal state of the parser
strmax	-	pointer to an object which initially holds the size of `str`: wcstok_s stores the number of characters that remain to be examined

Return value

Returns pointer to the beginning of the next token or null pointer if there are no more tokens.

Note

This function is destructive: it writes the L'\0' characters in the elements of the string str. In particular, a wide string literal cannot be used as the first argument of wcstok.

Unlike strtok, wcstok does not update static storage: it stores the parser state in the user-provided location.

Unlike most other tokenizers, the delimiters in wcstok can be different for each subsequent token, and can even depend on the contents of the previous tokens.

Example

#include <wchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    wchar_t input[] = L"A bird came down the walk";
    printf("Parsing the input string '%ls'\n", input);
    wchar_t *buffer;
    wchar_t *token = wcstok(input, L" ", &buffer);
    while(token) {
        printf("%ls\n", token);
        token = wcstok(NULL, L" ", &buffer);
    }
 
    printf("Contents of the input string now: '");
    for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof input / sizeof *input; ++n)
        input[n] ? printf("%lc", input[n]) : printf("\\0");
    puts("'");
}

Output:

Parsing the input string 'A bird came down the walk'
A
bird
came
down
the
walk
Contents of the input string now: 'A\0bird\0came\0down\0the\0walk\0'

References

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
- 7.29.4.5.7 The wcstok function (p: 437-438)
- K.3.9.2.3.1 The wcstok_s function (p: 645-646)
C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
- 7.24.4.5.7 The wcstok function (p: 383-384)

strtokstrtok_s (C11)	finds the next token in a byte string (function)
C++ documentation for `wcstok`