std::acos(std::complex)

Computes complex arc cosine of a complex value z. Branch cuts exist outside the interval [−1 ; +1] along the real axis.

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, complex arc cosine of z is returned, in the range [0 ; ∞) along the real axis and in the range [−iπ ; iπ] along the imaginary axis.

Error handling and special values

Errors are reported consistent with math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic,

• std::acos(std::conj(z)) == std::conj(std::acos(z))
• If z is (±0,+0), the result is (π/2,-0)
• If z is (±0,NaN), the result is (π/2,NaN)
• If z is (x,+∞) (for any finite x), the result is (π/2,-∞)
• If z is (x,NaN) (for any nonzero finite x), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised.
• If z is (-∞,y) (for any positive finite y), the result is (π,-∞)
• If z is (-∞,y) (for any positive finite y), the result is (+0,-∞)
• If z is (-∞,+∞), the result is (3π/4,-∞)
• If z is (+∞,+∞), the result is (π/4,-∞)
• If z is (±∞,NaN), the result is (NaN,±∞) (the sign of the imaginary part is unspecified)
• If z is (NaN,y) (for any finite y), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised
• If z is (NaN,+∞), the result is (NaN,-∞)
• If z is (NaN,NaN), the result is (NaN,NaN)

Notes

Inverse cosine (or arc cosine) is a multivalued function and requires a branch cut on the complex plane. The branch cut is conventionally placed at the line segments (-∞,-1) and (1,∞) of the real axis. The mathematical definition of the principal value of arc cosine is acos z =

π + iln(iz + √1-z2
)

For any z, acos(z) = π - acos(-z).

Example

See also