std::basic_string::data

const CharT* data() const;

Returns pointer to the underlying array serving as character storage. The pointer is such that the range [data(); data() + size()) is valid and the values in it correspond to the values stored in the string.

The returned array is not required to be null-terminated. If `empty()` returns `true`, the pointer is a non-null pointer that should not be dereferenced.	(until C++11)
The returned array is null-terminated, that is, `data()` and `c_str()` perform the same function. If `empty()` returns `true`, the pointer points to a single null character.	(since C++11)

The pointer obtained from data() may be invalidated by:

Passing a non-const reference to the string to any standard library function, or
Calling non-const member functions on the string, excluding operator[](), at(), front(), back(), begin(), end(), rbegin(), rend().

Modifying the character array accessed through data has undefined behavior.

Parameters

(none).

Return value

A pointer to the underlying character storage.

`data()[i] == operator[](i)` for every `i` in `[0, size())`.	(until C++11)
`data() + i == &operator[](i)` for every `i` in `[0, size()]`.	(since C++11)

Complexity

Constant.

Exceptions

(none)	(until C++11)
`noexcept` specification: `noexcept`	(since C++11)

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
  std::string const s("Emplary");
  assert(s.size() == std::strlen(s.data()));
  assert(std::equal(s.begin(), s.end(), s.data()));
  assert(std::equal(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), s.begin()));
  assert(0 == *(s.data() + s.size()));
}

front (C++11)	accesses the first character (public member function)
back (C++11)	accesses the last character (public member function)
c_str	returns a non-modifiable standard C character array version of the string (public member function)