reference back(); | ||
const_reference back() const; |
Returns reference to the last element in the container.
Calling back
on an empty container is undefined.
Parameters
(none).
Return value
Reference to the last element.
Complexity
Constant.
Notes
For a container c
, the expression return c.back();
is equivalent to { auto tmp = c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }
Example
The following code uses back
to display the last element of a std::deque<char>
:
#include <deque> #include <iostream> int main() { std::deque<char> letters {'o', 'm', 'g', 'w', 't', 'f'}; if (!letters.empty()) { std::cout << "The last character is: " << letters.back() << '\n'; } }
Output:
The last character is f
See also
access the first element (public member function) |
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