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Returns reference to the last element in the container.
Calling back on an empty container is undefined.
Parameters
(none).
Return value
Reference to the last element.
Complexity
Constant.
Notes
For a container c, the expression return c.back(); is equivalent to { auto tmp = c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }
Example
The following code uses back to display the last element of a std::list<char>:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | #include <list>#include <iostream> int main(){ std::list<char> letters {'o', 'm', 'g', 'w', 't', 'f'}; if (!letters.empty()) { std::cout << "The last character is: " << letters.back() << '\n'; } } |
Output:
1 | The last character is f |
See also
| access the first element (public member function) |
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