PHPUnit can be extended in various ways to make the writing of tests easier and customize the feedback you get from running tests. Here are common starting points to extend PHPUnit.
Subclass PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
Write custom assertions and utility methods in an abstract subclass of PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase and derive your test case classes from that class. This is one of the easiest ways to extend PHPUnit.
Write custom assertions
When writing custom assertions it is the best practice to follow how PHPUnit's own assertions are implemented. As you can see in Example 14.1, the assertTrue() method is just a wrapper around the isTrue() and assertThat() methods: isTrue() creates a matcher object that is passed on to assertThat() for evaluation.
Example 14.1: The assertTrue() and isTrue() methods of the PHPUnit_Framework_Assert class
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
abstract class PHPUnit_Framework_Assert
{
// ...
/**
* Asserts that a condition is true.
*
* @param boolean $condition
* @param string $message
* @throws PHPUnit_Framework_AssertionFailedError
*/
public static function assertTrue($condition, $message = '')
{
self::assertThat($condition, self::isTrue(), $message);
}
// ...
/**
* Returns a PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue matcher object.
*
* @return PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue
* @since Method available since Release 3.3.0
*/
public static function isTrue()
{
return new PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue;
}
// ...
}?> Example 14.2 shows how PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue extends the abstract base class for matcher objects (or constraints), PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint.
Example 14.2: The PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue class
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue extends PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint
{
/**
* Evaluates the constraint for parameter $other. Returns true if the
* constraint is met, false otherwise.
*
* @param mixed $other Value or object to evaluate.
* @return bool
*/
public function matches($other)
{
return $other === true;
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of the constraint.
*
* @return string
*/
public function toString()
{
return 'is true';
}
}?> The effort of implementing the assertTrue() and isTrue() methods as well as the PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue class yields the benefit that assertThat() automatically takes care of evaluating the assertion and bookkeeping tasks such as counting it for statistics. Furthermore, the isTrue() method can be used as a matcher when configuring mock objects.
Implement PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener
Example 14.3 shows a simple implementation of the PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener interface.
Example 14.3: A simple test listener
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class SimpleTestListener implements PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener
{
public function addError(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, Exception $e, $time)
{
printf("Error while running test '%s'.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function addFailure(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, PHPUnit_Framework_AssertionFailedError $e, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' failed.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function addIncompleteTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, Exception $e, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' is incomplete.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function addRiskyTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, Exception $e, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' is deemed risky.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function addSkippedTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, Exception $e, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' has been skipped.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function startTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test)
{
printf("Test '%s' started.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function endTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' ended.\n", $test->getName());
}
public function startTestSuite(PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite $suite)
{
printf("TestSuite '%s' started.\n", $suite->getName());
}
public function endTestSuite(PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite $suite)
{
printf("TestSuite '%s' ended.\n", $suite->getName());
}
}
?> Example 14.4 shows how to subclass the PHPUnit_Framework_BaseTestListener abstract class, which lets you specify only the interface methods that are interesting for your use case, while providing empty implementations for all the others.
Example 14.4: Using base test listener
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class ShortTestListener extends PHPUnit_Framework_BaseTestListener
{
public function endTest(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, $time)
{
printf("Test '%s' ended.\n", $test->getName());
}
}
?>In the section called “Test Listeners” you can see how to configure PHPUnit to attach your test listener to the test execution.
Subclass PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator
You can wrap test cases or test suites in a subclass of PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator and use the Decorator design pattern to perform some actions before and after the test runs.
PHPUnit ships with one concrete test decorator: PHPUnit_Extensions_RepeatedTest. It is used to run a test repeatedly and only count it as a success if all iterations are successful.
Example 14.5 shows a cut-down version of the PHPUnit_Extensions_RepeatedTest test decorator that illustrates how to write your own test decorators.
Example 14.5: The RepeatedTest Decorator
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/TestDecorator.php';
class PHPUnit_Extensions_RepeatedTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator
{
private $timesRepeat = 1;
public function __construct(PHPUnit_Framework_Test $test, $timesRepeat = 1)
{
parent::__construct($test);
if (is_integer($timesRepeat) &&
$timesRepeat >= 0) {
$this->timesRepeat = $timesRepeat;
}
}
public function count()
{
return $this->timesRepeat * $this->test->count();
}
public function run(PHPUnit_Framework_TestResult $result = null)
{
if ($result === null) {
$result = $this->createResult();
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $this->timesRepeat && !$result->shouldStop(); $i++) {
$this->test->run($result);
}
return $result;
}
}
?>Implement PHPUnit_Framework_Test
The PHPUnit_Framework_Test interface is narrow and easy to implement. You can write an implementation of PHPUnit_Framework_Test that is simpler than PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase and that runs data-driven tests, for instance.
Example 14.6 shows a data-driven test case class that compares values from a file with Comma-Separated Values (CSV). Each line of such a file looks like foo;bar, where the first value is the one we expect and the second value is the actual one.
Example 14.6: A data-driven test
<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class DataDrivenTest implements PHPUnit_Framework_Test
{
private $lines;
public function __construct($dataFile)
{
$this->lines = file($dataFile);
}
public function count()
{
return 1;
}
public function run(PHPUnit_Framework_TestResult $result = null)
{
if ($result === null) {
$result = new PHPUnit_Framework_TestResult;
}
foreach ($this->lines as $line) {
$result->startTest($this);
PHP_Timer::start();
$stopTime = null;
list($expected, $actual) = explode(';', $line);
try {
PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertEquals(
trim($expected), trim($actual)
);
}
catch (PHPUnit_Framework_AssertionFailedError $e) {
$stopTime = PHP_Timer::stop();
$result->addFailure($this, $e, $stopTime);
}
catch (Exception $e) {
$stopTime = PHP_Timer::stop();
$result->addError($this, $e, $stopTime);
}
if ($stopTime === null) {
$stopTime = PHP_Timer::stop();
}
$result->endTest($this, $stopTime);
}
return $result;
}
}
$test = new DataDrivenTest('data_file.csv');
$result = PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner::run($test);
?>
PHPUnit 5.6.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. .F Time: 0 seconds There was 1 failure: 1) DataDrivenTest Failed asserting that two strings are equal. expected string <bar> difference < x> got string <baz> /home/sb/DataDrivenTest.php:32 /home/sb/DataDrivenTest.php:53 FAILURES! Tests: 2, Failures: 1.
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