Other Uses for Tests

Once you get used to writing automated tests, you will likely discover more uses for tests. Here are some examples.

Agile Documentation

Typically, in a project that is developed using an agile process, such as Extreme Programming, the documentation cannot keep up with the frequent changes to the project's design and code. Extreme Programming demands collective code ownership, so all developers need to know how the entire system works. If you are disciplined enough to consequently use "speaking names" for your tests that describe what a class should do, you can use PHPUnit's TestDox functionality to generate automated documentation for your project based on its tests. This documentation gives developers an overview of what each class of the project is supposed to do.

PHPUnit's TestDox functionality looks at a test class and all the test method names and converts them from camel case PHP names to sentences: testBalanceIsInitiallyZero() becomes "Balance is initially zero". If there are several test methods whose names only differ in a suffix of one or more digits, such as testBalanceCannotBecomeNegative() and testBalanceCannotBecomeNegative2(), the sentence "Balance cannot become negative" will appear only once, assuming that all of these tests succeed.

Let us take a look at the agile documentation generated for a BankAccount class:

phpunit --testdox BankAccountTest
PHPUnit 5.6.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

BankAccount
 [x] Balance is initially zero
 [x] Balance cannot become negative

Alternatively, the agile documentation can be generated in HTML or plain text format and written to a file using the --testdox-html and --testdox-text arguments.

Agile Documentation can be used to document the assumptions you make about the external packages that you use in your project. When you use an external package, you are exposed to the risks that the package will not behave as you expect, and that future versions of the package will change in subtle ways that will break your code, without you knowing it. You can address these risks by writing a test every time you make an assumption. If your test succeeds, your assumption is valid. If you document all your assumptions with tests, future releases of the external package will be no cause for concern: if the tests succeed, your system should continue working.

Cross-Team Tests

When you document assumptions with tests, you own the tests. The supplier of the package -- who you make assumptions about -- knows nothing about your tests. If you want to have a closer relationship with the supplier of a package, you can use the tests to communicate and coordinate your activities.

When you agree on coordinating your activities with the supplier of a package, you can write the tests together. Do this in such a way that the tests reveal as many assumptions as possible. Hidden assumptions are the death of cooperation. With the tests, you document exactly what you expect from the supplied package. The supplier will know the package is complete when all the tests run.

By using stubs (see the chapter on "Mock Objects", earlier in this book), you can further decouple yourself from the supplier: The job of the supplier is to make the tests run with the real implementation of the package. Your job is to make the tests run for your own code. Until such time as you have the real implementation of the supplied package, you use stub objects. Following this approach, the two teams can develop independently.