A two-dimensional classification example showing iso-probability lines for the predicted probabilities. Out: Learned kernel: 0.0256**2 * DotProduct(sigma_0=5.72) ** 2 print(__doc__) # Author: Vincent Dubourg <vincent.dubourg@gmail.com> # Adapted to GaussianProcessClassifier: # Jan Hendrik Metzen <jhm@informatik.uni-bremen.de> # License: BSD 3 clause import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import cm from sklearn.gaussian_process impo

Incremental principal component analysis (IPCA) is typically used as a replacement for principal component analysis (PCA) when the dataset to be decomposed is too large to fit in memory. IPCA builds a low-rank approximation for the input data using an amount of memory which is independent of the number of input data samples. It is still dependent on the input data features, but changing the batch size allows for control of memory usage. This example serves as a visual check that IPCA is able t

This example shows that imputing the missing values can give better results than discarding the samples containing any missing value. Imputing does not always improve the predictions, so please check via cross-validation. Sometimes dropping rows or using marker values is more effective. Missing values can be replaced by the mean, the median or the most frequent value using the strategy hyper-parameter. The median is a more robust estimator for data with high magnitude variables which could dom

An example comparing the effect of reconstructing noisy fragments of a raccoon face image using firstly online Dictionary Learning and various transform methods. The dictionary is fitted on the distorted left half of the image, and subsequently used to reconstruct the right half. Note that even better performance could be achieved by fitting to an undistorted (i.e. noiseless) image, but here we start from the assumption that it is not available. A common practice for evaluating the results of

This example illustrates the prior and posterior of a GPR with different kernels. Mean, standard deviation, and 10 samples are shown for both prior and posterior. print(__doc__) # Authors: Jan Hendrik Metzen <jhm@informatik.uni-bremen.de> # # License: BSD 3 clause import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from sklearn.gaussian_process import GaussianProcessRegressor from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import (RBF, Matern, RationalQuadratic,

This example illustrates GPC on XOR data. Compared are a stationary, isotropic kernel (RBF) and a non-stationary kernel (DotProduct). On this particular dataset, the DotProduct kernel obtains considerably better results because the class-boundaries are linear and coincide with the coordinate axes. In general, stationary kernels often obtain better results. print(__doc__) # Authors: Jan Hendrik Metzen <jhm@informatik.uni-bremen.de> # # License: BSD 3 clause import numpy as np import

This example demonstrates the behaviour of the accuracy of the nearest neighbor queries of Locality Sensitive Hashing Forest as the number of candidates and the number of estimators (trees) vary. In the first plot, accuracy is measured with the number of candidates. Here, the term ?number of candidates? refers to maximum bound for the number of distinct points retrieved from each tree to calculate the distances. Nearest neighbors are selected from this pool of candidates. Number of estimators

Fit Ridge and HuberRegressor on a dataset with outliers. The example shows that the predictions in ridge are strongly influenced by the outliers present in the dataset. The Huber regressor is less influenced by the outliers since the model uses the linear loss for these. As the parameter epsilon is increased for the Huber regressor, the decision function approaches that of the ridge. # Authors: Manoj Kumar mks542@nyu.edu # License: BSD 3 clause print(__doc__) import numpy as np import ma

Example builds a swiss roll dataset and runs hierarchical clustering on their position. For more information, see Hierarchical clustering. In a first step, the hierarchical clustering is performed without connectivity constraints on the structure and is solely based on distance, whereas in a second step the clustering is restricted to the k-Nearest Neighbors graph: it?s a hierarchical clustering with structure prior. Some of the clusters learned without connectivity constraints do not respect

RandomTreesEmbedding provides a way to map data to a very high-dimensional, sparse representation, which might be beneficial for classification. The mapping is completely unsupervised and very efficient. This example visualizes the partitions given by several trees and shows how the transformation can also be used for non-linear dimensionality reduction or non-linear classification. Points that are neighboring often share the same leaf of a tree and therefore share large parts of their hashed