math.pow(x, y) Return x raised to the power y. Exceptional cases follow Annex ‘F’ of the C99 standard as far as possible. In particular, pow(1.0, x) and pow(x, 0.0) always return 1.0, even when x is a zero or a NaN. If both x and y are finite, x is negative, and y is not an integer then pow(x, y) is undefined, and raises ValueError. Unlike the built-in ** operator, math.pow() converts both its arguments to type float. Use ** or the built-in pow() function for computing exact integer powers.

math.pi The mathematical constant π = 3.141592..., to available precision.

math.nan A floating-point “not a number” (NaN) value. Equivalent to the output of float('nan'). New in version 3.5.

math.modf(x) Return the fractional and integer parts of x. Both results carry the sign of x and are floats.

math.log2(x) Return the base-2 logarithm of x. This is usually more accurate than log(x, 2). New in version 3.3. See also int.bit_length() returns the number of bits necessary to represent an integer in binary, excluding the sign and leading zeros.

math.log1p(x) Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e). The result is calculated in a way which is accurate for x near zero.

math.log10(x) Return the base-10 logarithm of x. This is usually more accurate than log(x, 10).

math.log(x[, base]) With one argument, return the natural logarithm of x (to base e). With two arguments, return the logarithm of x to the given base, calculated as log(x)/log(base).

math.lgamma(x) Return the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma function at x. New in version 3.2.

math.ldexp(x, i) Return x * (2**i). This is essentially the inverse of function frexp().