math.fmod(x, y) Return fmod(x, y), as defined by the platform C library. Note that the Python expression x % y may not return the same result. The intent of the C standard is that fmod(x, y) be exactly (mathematically; to infinite precision) equal to x - n*y for some integer n such that the result has the same sign as x and magnitude less than abs(y). Python’s x % y returns a result with the sign of y instead, and may not be exactly computable for float arguments. For example, fmod(-1e-100,

math.floor(x) Return the floor of x, the largest integer less than or equal to x. If x is not a float, delegates to x.__floor__(), which should return an Integral value.

math.factorial(x) Return x factorial. Raises ValueError if x is not integral or is negative.

math.fabs(x) Return the absolute value of x.

math.expm1(x) Return e**x - 1. For small floats x, the subtraction in exp(x) - 1 can result in a significant loss of precision; the expm1() function provides a way to compute this quantity to full precision: >>> from math import exp, expm1 >>> exp(1e-5) - 1 # gives result accurate to 11 places 1.0000050000069649e-05 >>> expm1(1e-5) # result accurate to full precision 1.0000050000166668e-05 New in version 3.2.

math.exp(x) Return e**x.

math.erfc(x) Return the complementary error function at x. The complementary error function is defined as 1.0 - erf(x). It is used for large values of x where a subtraction from one would cause a loss of significance. New in version 3.2.

math.erf(x) Return the error function at x. The erf() function can be used to compute traditional statistical functions such as the cumulative standard normal distribution: def phi(x): 'Cumulative distribution function for the standard normal distribution' return (1.0 + erf(x / sqrt(2.0))) / 2.0 New in version 3.2.

math.e The mathematical constant e = 2.718281..., to available precision.

math.degrees(x) Convert angle x from radians to degrees.