pdb.set_trace() Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame. This is useful to hard-code a breakpoint at a given point in a program, even if the code is not otherwise being debugged (e.g. when an assertion fails).

ArgumentParser.convert_arg_line_to_args(arg_line) Arguments that are read from a file (see the fromfile_prefix_chars keyword argument to the ArgumentParser constructor) are read one argument per line. convert_arg_line_to_args() can be overridden for fancier reading. This method takes a single argument arg_line which is a string read from the argument file. It returns a list of arguments parsed from this string. The method is called once per line read from the argument file, in order. A usefu

epoll.fromfd(fd) Create an epoll object from a given file descriptor.

os.getlogin() Return the name of the user logged in on the controlling terminal of the process. For most purposes, it is more useful to use the environment variables LOGNAME or USERNAME to find out who the user is, or pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] to get the login name of the current real user id. Availability: Unix, Windows.

zlib.adler32(data[, value]) Computes an Adler-32 checksum of data. (An Adler-32 checksum is almost as reliable as a CRC32 but can be computed much more quickly.) The result is an unsigned 32-bit integer. If value is present, it is used as the starting value of the checksum; otherwise, a default value of 1 is used. Passing in value allows computing a running checksum over the concatenation of several inputs. The algorithm is not cryptographically strong, and should not be used for authenticat

locale.normalize(localename) Returns a normalized locale code for the given locale name. The returned locale code is formatted for use with setlocale(). If normalization fails, the original name is returned unchanged. If the given encoding is not known, the function defaults to the default encoding for the locale code just like setlocale().

last_accepted The address from which the last accepted connection came. If this is unavailable then it is None.

headers The HTTP response headers for the HTTP request that caused the HTTPError. New in version 3.4.

signal.pause() Cause the process to sleep until a signal is received; the appropriate handler will then be called. Returns nothing. Not on Windows. (See the Unix man page signal(2).) See also sigwait(), sigwaitinfo(), sigtimedwait() and sigpending().

quick_ratio() Return an upper bound on ratio() relatively quickly.