cmath.log(x[, base]) Returns the logarithm of x to the given base. If the base is not specified, returns the natural logarithm of x. There is one branch cut, from 0 along the negative real axis to -∞, continuous from above.

cmath.rect(r, phi) Return the complex number x with polar coordinates r and phi. Equivalent to r * (math.cos(phi) + math.sin(phi)*1j).

cmath.phase(x) Return the phase of x (also known as the argument of x), as a float. phase(x) is equivalent to math.atan2(x.imag, x.real). The result lies in the range [-π, π], and the branch cut for this operation lies along the negative real axis, continuous from above. On systems with support for signed zeros (which includes most systems in current use), this means that the sign of the result is the same as the sign of x.imag, even when x.imag is zero: >>> phase(complex(-1.0, 0.0)

cmath.log10(x) Return the base-10 logarithm of x. This has the same branch cut as log().

cmath.sin(x) Return the sine of x.

cmath.pi The mathematical constant π, as a float.

cmath.polar(x) Return the representation of x in polar coordinates. Returns a pair (r, phi) where r is the modulus of x and phi is the phase of x. polar(x) is equivalent to (abs(x), phase(x)).

cmath.cosh(x) Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.

cmath.isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0) Return True if the values a and b are close to each other and False otherwise. Whether or not two values are considered close is determined according to given absolute and relative tolerances. rel_tol is the relative tolerance – it is the maximum allowed difference between a and b, relative to the larger absolute value of a or b. For example, to set a tolerance of 5%, pass rel_tol=0.05. The default tolerance is 1e-09, which assures that the

cmath.isnan(x) Return True if either the real or the imaginary part of x is a NaN, and False otherwise.