Defined in header <cwctype> std::wint_t towupper( std::wint_t ch ); Converts the given wide character to uppercase, if possible. Parameters ch - wide character to be converted Return value Uppercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no uppercase version is listed in the current C locale. Notes Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the uppercase form of 'ß' is (with some exceptions) the two-character string "SS", which cannot be

Defined in header <cwctype> std::wint_t towlower( std::wint_t ch ); Converts the given wide character to lowercase, if possible. Parameters ch - wide character to be converted Return value Lowercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no lowercase version is listed in the current C locale. Notes Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the Greek uppercase letter 'Σ' has two lowercase forms, depending on the position in a word: 'σ' an

Defined in header <cwctype> std::wint_t towctrans( std::wint_t wc, std::wctrans_t desc ); Maps the wide character wc using the current C locale's LC_CTYPE mapping category identified by desc. Parameters ch - the wide character to map desc - the LC_CTYPE mapping, obtained from a call to std::wctrans Return value The mapped value of ch using the mapping identified by desc in LC_CTYPE facet of the current C locale. Example The following example demonstr

Defined in header <locale> template< class charT > charT toupper( charT ch, const locale& loc ); Converts the character ch to uppercase if possible, using the conversion rules specified by the given locale's std::ctype facet. Parameters ch - character loc - locale Return value Returns the uppercase form of ch if one is listed in the locale, otherwise return ch unchanged. Notes Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g

Defined in header <cctype> int toupper( int ch ); Converts the given character to uppercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale. In the default "C" locale, the following lowercase letters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz are replaced with respective uppercase letters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ. Parameters ch - character to be converted. If the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the

Defined in header <locale> template< class charT > charT tolower( charT ch, const locale& loc ); Converts the character ch to lowercase if possible, using the conversion rules specified by the given locale's std::ctype facet. Parameters ch - character loc - locale Return value Returns the lowercase form of ch if one is listed in the locale, otherwise return ch unchanged. Notes Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g

Defined in header <cctype> int tolower( int ch ); Converts the given character to lowercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale. In the default "C" locale, the following uppercase letters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ are replaced with respective lowercase letters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz. Parameters ch - character to be converted. If the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the

Defined in header <cstdio> char* tmpnam( char* filename ); Creates an unique filename that does not name a currently existing file, and stores it in the character string pointed to by filename. The function is capable of generating up to TMP_MAX of unique filenames, but some or all of them may already be in use, and thus not suitable return values. std::tmpnam modifies static state and is not required to be thread-safe. Parameters filename - pointer to the character

Defined in header <cstdio> std::FILE* tmpfile(); Creates and opens a temporary file with unique auto-generated filename. The file is opened as binary file for update (as by std::fopen with access mode "wb+"). At least TMP_MAX files may be opened during the lifetime of a program (this limit may be shared with std::tmpnam and may be further limited by FOPEN_MAX). If the program closes the file, e.g. by executing std::fclose, the file is automatically deleted. If the program t

Defined in header <ctime> struct tm; Structure holding a calendar date and time broken down into its components. Member objects int tm_sec seconds after the minute – [0, 61](until C++11) / [0, 60] (since C++11)[note 1](public member object) int tm_min minutes after the hour – [0, 59] (public member object) int tm_hour hours since midnight – [0, 23] (public member object) int tm_mday day of the month – [1, 31] (public member object) int tm_mon months si