Sets the initial value of an object to zero. Syntax static T object ; (1) int () ; (2) char array [ n ] = ""; (3) Explanation Zero initialization is performed in the following situations: 1) For every named variable with static or thread-local storage duration that is not subject to constant initialization (since C++14), before any other initialization. 2) As part of value-initialization sequence for non-class types and for members of value-initialized class types th

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for ^=

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for ^

Usage wchar_t type: as the declaration of the type

Executes a statement repeatedly, until the value of condition becomes false. The test takes place before each iteration. Syntax attr(optional) while ( condition ) statement attr(C++11) - any number of attributes condition - any expression which is contextually convertible to bool or a declaration of a single variable with a brace-or-equals initializer. This expression is evaluated before each iteration, and if it yields false, the loop is exited. If this is a declaration,

Usage while loop: as the declaration of the loop do-while loop: as the declaration of the terminating condition of the loop

Specifies that a non-static member function is virtual and supports dynamic binding. Syntax virtual function_declaration ; Explanation Virtual functions are member functions whose behavior can be overridden in derived classes. As opposed to non-virtual functions, the overridden behavior is preserved even if there is no compile-time information about the actual type of the class. If a derived class is handled using pointer or reference to the base class, a call to a overridden virt

Defined in header <cstdarg> void va_start( va_list ap, parm_n ); The va_start macro enables access to the variable arguments following the named argument parm_n. va_start should be invoked with an instance to a valid va_list object ap before any calls to va_arg. If parm_n is declared with reference type or with a type not compatible with the type that results from default argument promotions, the behavior is undefined. Parameters ap - an instance of the va_list type

This header is part of the containers library. Includes <initializer_list>(C++11) Classes vector dynamic contiguous array (class template) vector<bool> space-efficient dynamic bitset (class template specialization) std::hash<std::vector<bool>> (C++11) hash support for std::vector<bool> (class template specialization) Functions operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>= lexicographically compares the va

Usage virtual function specifier virtual base class specifier