Defined in header <locale> public: CharT toupper( CharT c ) const; (1) public: const CharT* toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; (2) protected: virtual CharT do_toupper( CharT c ) const; (3) protected: virtual const CharT* do_toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; (4) 1,2) public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_toupper of the most derived class. 3) Converts the character c to upper case if an upper case f

Defined in header <cmath> float nearbyint( float arg ); (1) (since C++11) double nearbyint( double arg ); (2) (since C++11) long double nearbyint( long double arg ); (3) (since C++11) double nearbyint( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Rounds the floating-point argument arg to an integer value in floating-point format, using the current rounding mode. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral

Includes other source file into current source file at the line immediately after the directive . Syntax #include <filename> (1) #include "filename" (2) __has_include ( " filename " )__has_include ( < filename > ) (3) (since C++17) Any preprocessing tokens (macro constants or expressions) are permitted as arguments to #include and __has_include (since C++17) as long as they expand to a sequence of characters surrounded by < > or " ". Explanation 1,2

Defined in header <cwchar> const wchar_t* wcspbrk( const wchar_t* dest, const wchar_t* str ); wchar_t* wcspbrk( wchar_t* dest, const wchar_t* str ); Finds the first character in wide string pointed to by dest, that is also in wide string pointed to by str. Parameters dest - pointer to the null-terminated wide string to be analyzed src - pointer to the null-terminated wide string that contains the characters to search for Return value Po

mutex_type* release(); (since C++14) Breaks the association of the associated mutex, if any, and *this. No locks are unlocked. If the *this held ownership of the associated mutex prior to the call, the caller is now responsible to unlock the mutex. Parameters (none). Return value Pointer to the associated mutex or NULL if there was no associated mutex. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Example See also unlock unlocks the associated mutex (public member fun

iterator begin(); const_iterator begin() const; const_iterator cbegin() const; (since C++11) Returns an iterator to the first element of the container. If the container is empty, the returned iterator will be equal to end(). Parameters (none). Return value Iterator to the first element. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant. Example See also end cend returns an iterator to the end (publ

The concept BinaryPredicate is a set of requirements expected by some of the standard library facilities from the user-provided arguments. Given a BinaryPredicate bin_pred and a pair of iterators iter1 and iter2 or an iterator iter and a value value, the expression bin_pred(*iter1, *iter2) or, respectively, bin_pred(*iter, value), must be contextually convertible to bool. In addition, evaluation of that expression is not allowed to call non-const member functions of the dereferenced iterators.

Defined in header <cstring> char *strncpy( char *dest, const char *src, std::size_t count ); Copies at most count characters of the byte string pointed to by src (including the terminating null character) to character array pointed to by dest. If count is reached before the entire string src was copied, the resulting character array is not null-terminated. If, after copying the terminating null character from src, count is not reached, additional null characters are written

Defined in header <valarray> template< class T > valarray<T> atan2( const valarray<T>& y, const valarray<T>& x ); (1) template< class T > valarray<T> atan2( const valarray<T>& y, const T& vx ); (2) template< class T > valarray<T> atan2( const T& vy, const valarray<T>& x ); (3) Computes the inverse tangent of y/x using the signs of arguments to correctly determine quadrant. 1)

Usage do-while loop: as the declaration of the loop