Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT > class collate_byname : public std::collate<CharT>; std::collate_byname is a std::collate facet which encapsulates locale-specific collation (comparison) and hashing of strings. Just like std::collate, it can be imbued in std::regex and applied, by means of std::locale::operator(), directly to all standard algorithms that expect a string comparison predicate. Two specializations are provided by the standard libra

Defined in header <iterator> struct input_iterator_tag { }; struct output_iterator_tag { }; struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { }; struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { }; struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { }; Defines the category of an iterator. Each tag is an empty type and corresponds to one of the five iterator categories: input_iterator_tag corresponds to Inp

Defined in header <random> template< class RealType = double > class gamma_distribution; (since C++11) Produces random positive floating-point values x, distributed according to probability density function: P(x|α,β) = e-x/β βα · Γ(α) · xα-1 where α is known as the shape parameter and β is known as the scale parameter. For floating-point α, the value obtained is the sum of α independent exponentially distributed random variables, each of which has a mean of β st

Defined in header <random> template< class IntType = int > class uniform_int_distribution; (since C++11) Produces random integer values i, uniformly distributed on the closed interval [a, b], that is, distributed according to the discrete probability function P(i|a,b) = 1b − a + 1 . std::uniform_int_distribution satisfies all requirements of RandomNumberDistribution. Template parameters IntType - The result type generated by the generator. The effect is u

A null-terminated multibyte string (NTMBS), or "multibyte string", is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each character stored in the string may occupy more than one byte. The encoding used to represent characters in a multibyte character string is locale-specific: it may be UTF-8, GB18030, EUC-JP, Shift-JIS, etc. For example, the char array {'\xe4','\xbd','\xa0','\xe5','\xa5','\xbd','\0'} is an NTMBS holding the string "你好" in UTF-8

This header is part of the Input/Output library. Classes basic_streambuf abstracts a raw device (class template) Typedefs streambuf basic_streambuf<char> wstreambuf basic_streambuf<wchar_t> Synopsis namespace std { template <class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT> > class basic_streambuf; typedef basic_streambuf<char> streambuf; typedef basic_streambuf<wchar_t> wstreambuf; } Class std::basic_streambuf t

(1) explicit vector( const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() ); (until C++14) vector() : vector( Allocator() ) {} explicit vector( const Allocator& alloc ); (since C++14) (2) explicit vector( size_type count, const T& value = T(), const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()); (until C++11) vector( size_type count, const T& value, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()); (since C++11

Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT, class OutputIterator = std::ostreambuf_iterator<CharT> > class time_put_byname : public std::time_put<CharT, OutputIterator>; std::time_put_byname is a std::time_put facet which encapsulates time and date formatting rules of the locale specified at its construction. Two specializations are provided by the standard library. Defined in header <locale> std::time_put_byname<char, OutputIterator>

Usage protected access specifier

void swap( basic_fstream& other ); (since C++11) Exchanges the state of the stream with those of other. This is done by calling basic_iostream<CharT, Traits>::swap(other) and rdbuf()->swap(other.rdbuf()). Parameters other - stream to exchange the state with Return value (none). Example See also operator= (C++11) moves the file stream (public member function) swap (C++11) swaps two basic_filebuf objects (public member function of std::basic_