Defined in header <cstdio> int fgetc( std::FILE* stream ); int getc( std::FILE* stream ); Reads the next character from the given input stream. Parameters stream - to read the character from Return value The obtained character on success or EOF on failure. If the failure has been caused by end of file condition, additionally sets the eof indicator (see std::feof()) on stream. If the failure has been caused by some other error, sets the error indicator (see std

bool empty() const; (since C++11) Checks if the container has no elements, i.e. whether begin() == end(). Parameters (none). Return value true if the container is empty, false otherwise. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Complexity Constant. Example The following code uses empty to check if a std::unordered_multiset<int> contains any elements: #include <unordered_set> #include <iostream> int main() { std::unordered_multiset<int>

reference_wrapper( T& x ); (since C++11) reference_wrapper( T&& x ) = delete; (since C++11) reference_wrapper( const reference_wrapper<T>& other ); (since C++11) Constructs a new reference wrapper. 1) Stores a reference to x. 2) Construction from a temporary object is not allowed. 3) Copy constructor. Stores a reference to other.get(). Parameters x - an object to wrap other - another reference wrapper Exceptions noexcept specificati

Defined in header <tuple> template< class... Types > tuple<Types&&...> forward_as_tuple( Types&&... args ); (since C++11) (until C++14) template< class... Types > constexpr tuple<Types&&...> forward_as_tuple( Types&&... args ); (since C++14) Constructs a tuple of references to the arguments in args suitable for forwarding as an argument to a function. The tuple has rvalue reference data members when rvalues are u

Defined in header <ios> std::ios_base& showbase( std::ios_base& str ); (1) std::ios_base& noshowbase( std::ios_base& str ); (2) 1) enables the showbase flag in the stream str as if by calling str.setf(std::ios_base::showbase). 2) disables the showbase flag in the stream str as if by calling str.unsetf(std::ios_base::showbase). This is an I/O manipulator, it may be called with an expression such as out << std::showbase for any out of type std::bas

void pop_front(); Removes the first element of the container. References and iterators to the erased element are invalidated. Parameters (none). Return value (none). Complexity Constant. Exceptions Does not throw. See also pop_back removes the last element (public member function) push_front inserts an element to the beginning (public member function)

Converts between types using a combination of explicit and implicit conversions. Syntax ( new_type ) expression (1) new_type ( expression ) (2) new_type ( expressions ) (3) new_type ( ) (4) new_type { expression-list(optional) } (5) (since C++11) Returns a value of type new_type. Explanation 1) When the C-style cast expression is encountered, the compiler attempts to interpret it as the following cast expressions, in this order: a) const_cast<

template< class Engine, size_t p, size_t r > bool operator==( const discard_block_engine<Engine,p,r>& lhs, const discard_block_engine<Engine,p,r>& rhs ); (1) (since C++11) template< class Engine, size_t p, size_t r > bool operator!=( const discard_block_engine<Engine,p,r>& lhs, const discard_block_engine<Engine,p,r>& rhs ); (2) (since C++11) Compares two pseudo-random number engine adaptors. Two

primary template complex<T> complex( const T& re = T(), const T& im = T() ); (1) (until C++14) constexpr complex( const T& re = T(), const T& im = T() ); (1) (since C++14) complex( const complex& other ); (2) (until C++14) constexpr complex( const complex& other ); (2) (since C++14) template< class X > complex( const complex<X>& other); (3) (until C++14) template< class X > constexpr complex( const complex<

Defined in header <cwctype> std::wctrans_t wctrans( const char* str ); Constructs a value of type std::wctrans_t that describes a LC_CTYPE category of wide character mapping. It may be one of the standard mappings, or a locale-specific mapping, such as "tojhira" or "tojkana". Parameters str - C string holding the name of the desired mapping. The following values of str are supported in all C locales: Value of str Effect "toupper" identifies the mapping used b