Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT > class collate_byname : public std::collate<CharT>; std::collate_byname is a std::collate facet which encapsulates locale-specific collation (comparison) and hashing of strings. Just like std::collate, it can be imbued in std::regex and applied, by means of std::locale::operator(), directly to all standard algorithms that expect a string comparison predicate. Two specializations are provided by the standard libra

Defined in header <iterator> struct input_iterator_tag { }; struct output_iterator_tag { }; struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { }; struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { }; struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { }; Defines the category of an iterator. Each tag is an empty type and corresponds to one of the five iterator categories: input_iterator_tag corresponds to Inp

Defined in header <sstream> template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class basic_istringstream; (until C++11) template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT>, class Allocator = std::allocator<CharT> > class basic_istringstream; (since C++11) The class template std::basic_istringstream implements input operations on memory (std::basic_string) based streams. It essentially wraps a

Defined in header <strstream> class strstream : public std::iostream (deprecated) The class strstream implements input and output operations on array-backed streams. It essentially wraps a raw array I/O device implementation (std::strstreambuf) into the higher-level interface of std::basic_iostream. The typical implementation of strstream holds only one non-derived data member: an object of type std::strstreambuf. Notes After any call to str(), a call to freeze(false) is

(1) void erase( iterator pos ); (until C++11) iterator erase( iterator pos ); (since C++17) iterator erase( const_iterator pos ); (since C++11) (2) void erase( iterator first, iterator last ); (until C++11) iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last ); (since C++11) size_type erase( const key_type& key ); (3) Removes specified elements from the container. 1) Removes the element at pos. 2) Removes the elements in the range [first; last),

(1) T operator[]( std::size_t pos ) const; (until C++11) const T& operator[]( std::size_t pos ) const; (since C++11) T& operator[]( std::size_t pos ); (2) std::valarray<T> operator[]( std::slice slicearr ) const; (3) std::slice_array<T> operator[]( std::slice slicearr ); (4) std::valarray<T> operator[]( const std::gslice& gslicearr ) const; (5) std::gslice_arr

const CharT* c_str() const; Returns a pointer to a null-terminated character array with data equivalent to those stored in the string. The pointer is such that the range [c_str(); c_str() + size()] is valid and the values in it correspond to the values stored in the string with an additional null character after the last position. The pointer obtained from c_str() may be invalidated by: Passing a non-const reference to the string to any standard library function, or Calling non-const

Usage namespace declaration namespace alias definition using-directives

Defined in header <cstdlib> int mblen( const char* s, std::size_t n ); Determines the size, in bytes, of the multibyte character whose first byte is pointed to by s. If s is a null pointer, resets the global conversion state and determined whether shift sequences are used. This function is equivalent to the call std::mbtowc((wchar_t*)0, s, n), except that conversion state of std::mbtowc is unaffected. Notes Each call to mblen updates the internal global conversion state

Defined in header <cmath> float ldexp( float x, int exp ); (1) double ldexp( double x, int exp ); (2) long double ldexp( long double x, int exp ); (3) double ldexp( Integral x, int exp ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Multiplies a floating point value x by the number 2 raised to the exp power. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to (2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters