Defined in header <cuchar> std::size_t c16rtomb( char* s, char16_t c16, std::mbstate_t* ps ); (since C++11) Converts a UCS-2 code point to narrow multibyte character. If s is not a null pointer, the function determines the number of bytes necessary to store the multibyte character representation of c16 (including any shift sequences), and stores the multibyte character representation in the character array whose first element is pointed to by s. At most MB_CUR_MAX bytes can

Defined in header <cstdlib> void exit( int exit_code ); (until C++11) [[noreturn]] void exit( int exit_code ); (since C++11) Causes normal program termination to occur. Several cleanup steps are performed: 1) destructors of objects with static storage duration are called in reverse order of completion of their constructors or the completion of their dynamic initialization, and the functions passed to std::atexit are called in reverse order they are regi

Defined in header <mutex> template< class Callable, class... Args > void call_once( std::once_flag& flag, Callable&& f, Args&&... args ); (since C++11) Executes the Callable object f exactly once, even if called from several threads. Each group of call_once invocations that receives the same std::once_flag object will meet the following requirements: Exactly one execution of exactly one of the functions (passed as f to the invocations in the group

Rule of three If a class requires a user-defined destructor, a user-defined copy constructor, or a user-defined copy assignment operator, it almost certainly requires all three. Because C++ copies and copy-assigns objects of user-defined types in various situations (passing/returning by value, manipulating a container, etc), these special member functions will be called, if accessible, and if they are not user-defined, they are implicitly-defined by the compiler. The implicitly-defined speci

Defined in header <cmath> float tgamma( float arg ); (1) (since C++11) double tgamma( double arg ); (2) (since C++11) long double tgamma( long double arg ); (3) (since C++11) double tgamma( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Computes the gamma function of arg. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters arg - value of a f

Defined in header <cmath> int fpclassify( float arg ); (1) (since C++11) int fpclassify( double arg ); (2) (since C++11) int fpclassify( long double arg ); (3) (since C++11) int fpclassify( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Categorizes floating point value arg into the following categories: zero, subnormal, normal, infinite, NAN, or implementation-defined category. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting the from argument of any inte

Defined in header <memory> std::pointer_safety get_pointer_safety(); (since C++11) Obtains the implementation-defined pointer safety model, which is a value of type std::pointer_safety. Parameters (none). Return value The pointer safety used by this implementation. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept See also pointer_safety (C++11) lists pointer safety models (class)

Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT > class messages_byname : public std::messages<CharT>; std::messages_byname is a std::messages facet which encapsulates retrieval of strings from message catalogs of the locale specified at its construction. Two specializations are provided by the standard library. Defined in header <locale> std::messages_byname<char> narrow/multibyte message catalog access std::messages_byname<wchar_t>

Defined in header <valarray> template< class T > class valarray; std::valarray is the class for representing and manipulating arrays of values. It supports element-wise mathematical operations and various forms of generalized subscript operators, slicing and indirect access. Notes std::valarray and helper classes are defined to be free of certain forms of aliasing, thus allowing operations on these classes to be optimized similar to the effect of the keyword restri

size_type max_size() const; Returns the maximum number of elements the container is able to hold due to system or library implementation limitations, i.e. std::distance(begin(), end()) for the largest container. Parameters (none). Return value Maximum number of elements. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant. Notes This value is typically equal to std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max(), and reflects the