Defined in header <ios> template< class State > class fpos; Specializations of the class template std::fpos identify absolute positions in a stream or in a file. Each object of type fpos holds the byte position in the stream (typically as a private member of type std::streamoff) and the current shift state, a value of type State (typically std::mbstate_t). The following specializations of std::fpos are provided: Type Definition streampos std::fpos<std::char_

Defined in header <random> template< class IntType = int > class poisson_distribution; (since C++11) Produces random non-negative integer values i, distributed according to discrete probability function: P(i|μ) = e-μ·μi i! The value obtained is the probability of exactly i occurrences of a random event if the expected, mean number of its occurrence under the same conditions (on the same time/space interval) is μ. std::poisson_distribution satisfies RandomNumberDist

template< class CharT, class Traits, class ResultType > std::basic_ostream<CharT,Traits>& operator<<( std::basic_ostream<CharT,Traits>& ost, const uniform_int_distribution<ResultType>& d ); (1) template< class CharT, class Traits, class ResultType > std::basic_istream<CharT,Traits>& operator>>( std::basic_istream<CharT,Traits>& ist,

Defined in header <locale> template< class CharT, bool Intl = false > class moneypunct_byname : public std::moneypunct<CharT, Intl>; std::moneypunct_byname is a std::moneypunct facet which encapsulates monetary formatting preferences of a locale specified at its construction. Two specializations are provided by the standard library. Defined in header <locale> std::moneypunct_byname<char, Intl> locale-specific std::moneypunct facet for narrow ch

Defined in header <random> template< class RealType = double > class cauchy_distribution; (since C++11) Produces random numbers according to a Cauchy distribution (also called Lorentz distribution): f(x; a,b) = ⎛⎜⎝bπ ⎡⎢⎣1 + ⎛⎜⎝ x - ab ⎞⎟⎠2⎤⎥⎦⎞⎟⎠-1 std::cauchy_distribution satisfies all requirements of RandomNumberDistribution. Template parameters RealType - The result type generated by the generator. The effect is undefined if this is not one of float, d

Defined in header <iterator> template <class E> std::reverse_iterator<const E*> rbegin( std::initializer_list<E> il ); (since C++14) The overload of std::rbegin for initializer_list returns an std::reverse_iterator pointing at the last element of il. Parameters il - an initializer_list Return value std::reverse_iterator<const E*>(il.end()). Exceptions (none). Notes This overload is necessary because std::initializer_list does not

The preprocessor supports conditional compilation of parts of source file. This behavior is controlled by #if, #else, #elif, #ifdef, #ifndef and #endif directives. Syntax #if expression #ifdef expression #ifndef expression #elif expression #else #endif Explanation The conditional preprocessing block starts with #if, #ifdef or #ifndef directive, then optionally includes any number of #elif directives, then optionally includes at most one #else directiv

Lists the exceptions that a function might directly or indirectly throw. Syntax throw(typeid, typeid, ...) (deprecated) This specification may appear only on lambda-declarator or on a function declarator that is the top-level (until C++17) declarator of a function, variable, or non-static data member, whose type is a function type, a pointer to function type, a reference to function type, a pointer to member function type. It may appear on the declarator of a parameter or on the decl

bool all() const; (1) (since C++11) bool any() const; (2) bool none() const; (3) Checks if all, any or none of the bits are set to true. 1) Checks if all bits are set to true 2) Checks if any bits are set to true 3) Checks if none of the bits are set to true Parameters (none). Return value 1) true if all bits are set to true, otherwise false 2) true if any of the bits are set to true, otherwise false 3) true if none of the bits are set to true, otherwise fal

Defined in header <cstdlib> #define EXIT_SUCCESS /*implementation defined*/ #define EXIT_FAILURE /*implementation defined*/ The EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE macros expand into integral expressions that can be used as arguments to the std::exit function (and, therefore, as the values to return from the main function), and indicate program execution status. Constant Explanation EXIT_SUCCESS successful execution of a program EXIT_FAILURE unsuccessful executio