reference at( size_type pos ); (since {std}) const_reference at( size_type pos ) const; Returns a reference to the element at specified location pos, with bounds checking. If pos not within the range of the container, an exception of type std::out_of_range is thrown. Parameters pos - position of the element to return Return value Reference to the requested element. Exceptions std::out_of_range if !(pos < size()). Complexity Constant. See also oper

Defined in header <limits> template< class T > class numeric_limits; The numeric_limits class template provides a standardized way to query various properties of arithmetic types (e.g. the largest possible value for type int is std::numeric_limits<int>::max()). This information is provided via specializations of the numeric_limits template. The standard library makes available specializations for all arithmetic types: Defined in header <limits> tem

Defined in header <locale> const mask* table() const; (1) Returns the classification table that was provided in the constructor of this instance of std::ctype<char>, or returns a copy of classic_table() if none was provided. Parameters (none). Return value A pointer to the first element in the classification table (which an array of size std::ctype<char>::table_size). Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11)

float max_load_factor() const; (1) (since C++11) void max_load_factor( float ml ); (2) (since C++11) Manages the maximum load factor (number of elements per bucket). The container automatically increases the number of buckets if the load factor exceeds this threshold. 1) Returns current maximum load factor. 2) Sets the maximum load factor to ml. Parameters ml - new maximum load factor setting Return value 1) current maximum load factor. 2) none. Complexity Constan

Defined in header <cwctype> int iswupper( std::wint_t ch ); Checks if the given wide character is an uppercase letter, i.e. one of ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ or any uppercase letter specific to the current locale. Parameters ch - wide character Return value Non-zero value if the wide character is an uppercase letter, zero otherwise. Example #include <iostream> #include <cwctype> #include <clocale> int main() { wchar_t c = L'\u053d'

Defined in header <type_traits> template< class T > struct is_destructible; (1) (since C++11) template< class T > struct is_trivially_destructible; (2) (since C++11) template< class T > struct is_nothrow_destructible; (3) (since C++11) 1) If an imaginary struct containing a member object of type T has a non-deleted destructor, provides the member constant value equal true. For any other type, value is false. (until C++14) 1) If T is a refere

Usage static_cast type conversion expression: as the declaration of the expression

This header is part of the date and time library. Classes Defined in namespace std::chrono duration (C++11) a time interval (class template) system_clock (C++11) wall clock time from the system-wide realtime clock (class) steady_clock (C++11) monotonic clock that will never be adjusted (class) high_resolution_clock (C++11) the clock with the shortest tick period available (class) time_point (C++11) a point in time (class template) treat_as_floating_poi

void freeze(bool flag = true); If the stream is using a dynamically-allocated array for output, disables (flag == true) or enables (flag == false) automatic allocation/deallocation of the buffer. Effectively calls rdbuf()->freeze(flag). Notes After a call to str(), dynamic streams become frozen automatically. A call to freeze(false) is required before exiting the scope in which this ostrstream object was created. otherwise the destructor will leak memory. Also, additional output t

(1) explicit stack( const Container& cont = Container() ); (until C++11) explicit stack( const Container& cont ); (since C++11) explicit stack( Container&& cont = Container() ); (2) (since C++11) stack( const stack& other ); (3) stack( stack&& other ); (4) (since C++11) template< class Alloc > explicit stack( const Alloc& alloc ); (5) (since C++11) template< class Alloc > stack( const Container& cont, const A