Defines the semantics of computer memory storage for the purpose of the C++ abstract machine. The memory available to a C++ program is one or more contiguous sequences of bytes. Each byte in memory has a unique address'. Byte A byte is the smallest addressable unit of memory. It is defined as a contiguous sequence of bits, large enough to hold the value of any UTF-8 code unit (256 distinct values) and of (since C++14)any member of the basic execution character set (the 96 characters that ar

allocator_type get_allocator() const; (since C++11) Returns the allocator associated with the container. Parameters (none). Return value The associated allocator. Complexity Constant.

iterator end(); (since C++11) const_iterator end() const; (since C++11) const_iterator cend() const; (since C++11) Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of the container. This element acts as a placeholder; attempting to access it results in undefined behavior. Parameters (none). Return value Iterator to the element following the last element. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Complexity Constant. See also begin cbegin

constexpr rep count() const; Returns the number of ticks for this duration. Parameters (none). Return value The number of ticks for this duration. Example #include <chrono> #include <iostream> int main() { std::chrono::milliseconds ms{3}; // 3 milliseconds // 6000 microseconds constructed from 3 milliseconds std::chrono::microseconds us = 2*ms; // 30Hz clock using fractional ticks std::chrono::duration<double, std::ratio<1, 30>> hz3

Usage constexpr declaration specifier (since C++11)

Defined in header <type_traits> template< class T > struct is_enum; (since C++11) Checks whether T is an enumeration type. Provides the member constant value which is equal to true, if T is an enumeration type . Otherwise, value is equal to false. Template parameters T - a type to check Helper variable template template< class T > constexpr bool is_enum_v = is_enum<T>::value; (since C++17) Inherited from std::integral_constant

Every template is parametrized by one or more template parameters, indicated in the parameter-list of the template declaration syntax: template < parameter-list > declaration (1) Each parameter in parameter-list may be: a non-type template parameter; a type template parameter; a template template parameter. Non-type template parameter type name(optional) (1) type name(optional) = default (2) type ... name(optional) (3) (since C++11) 1) A non-type t

protected: basic_ios(); (1) public: explicit basic_ios( std::basic_streambuf<CharT,Traits>* sb ); (2) (3) private: basic_ios(const basic_ios&); (until C++11) public: basic_ios(const basic_ios& ) = delete; (since C++11) Constructs new basic_ios object. 1) Default constructor. The internal state is not initialized. init() must be called before the first use of the object or before destructor, otherwise the behavior is undefined. 2) Initializes the interna

Defined in header <complex> template< class T > class complex; (1) template<> class complex<float>; (2) template<> class complex<double>; (3) template<> class complex<long double>; (4) The specializations std::complex<float>, std::complex<double>, and std::complex<long double> are LiteralTypes for representing and manipulating complex numbers. The effect of instantiating the template complex for a

Defined in header <cstdio> std::FILE* freopen( const char* filename, const char* mode, std::FILE* stream ); First, attempts to close the file associated with stream, ignoring any errors. Then, if filename is not null, attempts to open the file specified by filename using mode as if by fopen, and associates that file with the file stream pointed to by stream. If filename is a null pointer, then the function attempts to reopen the file that is already associated with stream (