Defined in header <system_error> class error_category; (since C++11)
std::error_category serves as the base class for specific error category types, such as std::system_category, std::iostream_category, etc. Each specific category class defines the error_code - error_condition mapping and holds the explanatory strings for all error_conditions. The objects of error category classes are treated as singletons, passed by reference.
Member functions
(constructor) construc