os.path.exists(path) Return True if path refers to an existing path or an open file descriptor. Returns

os.path.getmtime(path) Return the time of last modification of path. The return value is a number giving the number

linecache.checkcache(filename=None) Check the cache for validity. Use this function if files in the cache may have changed on

filecmp.cmpfiles(dir1, dir2, common, shallow=True) Compare the files in the two directories dir1 and dir2

shutil.which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None) Return the path to an executable which would be run if the given cmd

os.path.normpath(path) Normalize a pathname by collapsing redundant separators and up-level references so that A//B

Path.lstat() Like Path.stat() but, if the path points to a symbolic link, return the symbolic link’s information

shutil.register_unpack_format(name, extensions, function[, extra_args[, description]]) Registers an unpack format. name

class pathlib.PurePosixPath(*pathsegments) A subclass of PurePath, this path flavour represents non-Windows filesystem

left The directory a.