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numpy.expm1(x[, out]) = -
Calculate
exp(x) - 1for all elements in the array.Parameters: x : array_like
Input values.
Returns: out : ndarray
Element-wise exponential minus one:
out = exp(x) - 1.See also
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log1p -
log(1 + x), the inverse of expm1.
Notes
This function provides greater precision than
exp(x) - 1for small values ofx.Examples
The true value of
exp(1e-10) - 1is1.00000000005e-10to about 32 significant digits. This example shows the superiority of expm1 in this case.1234>>> np.expm1(1e-10)1.00000000005e-10>>> np.exp(1e-10)-11.000000082740371e-10 -
numpy.expm1()
2025-01-10 15:47:30
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