numpy.meshgrid()

numpy.meshgrid(*xi, **kwargs) [source]

Return coordinate matrices from coordinate vectors.

Make N-D coordinate arrays for vectorized evaluations of N-D scalar/vector fields over N-D grids, given one-dimensional coordinate arrays x1, x2,..., xn.

Changed in version 1.9: 1-D and 0-D cases are allowed.

Parameters:

Parameters:	x1, x2,..., xn : array_like 1-D arrays representing the coordinates of a grid. indexing : {?xy?, ?ij?}, optional Cartesian (?xy?, default) or matrix (?ij?) indexing of output. See Notes for more details. New in version 1.7.0. sparse : bool, optional If True a sparse grid is returned in order to conserve memory. Default is False. New in version 1.7.0. copy : bool, optional If False, a view into the original arrays are returned in order to conserve memory. Default is True. Please note that `sparse=False, copy=False` will likely return non-contiguous arrays. Furthermore, more than one element of a broadcast array may refer to a single memory location. If you need to write to the arrays, make copies first. New in version 1.7.0.
Returns:	X1, X2,..., XN : ndarray For vectors `x1`, `x2`,..., ?xn? with lengths `Ni=len(xi)` , return `(N1, N2, N3,...Nn)` shaped arrays if indexing=?ij? or `(N2, N1, N3,...Nn)` shaped arrays if indexing=?xy? with the elements of `xi` repeated to fill the matrix along the first dimension for `x1`, the second for `x2` and so on.

x1, x2,..., xn : array_like

1-D arrays representing the coordinates of a grid.

indexing : {?xy?, ?ij?}, optional

Cartesian (?xy?, default) or matrix (?ij?) indexing of output. See Notes for more details.

New in version 1.7.0.

sparse : bool, optional

If True a sparse grid is returned in order to conserve memory. Default is False.

New in version 1.7.0.

copy : bool, optional

If False, a view into the original arrays are returned in order to conserve memory. Default is True. Please note that sparse=False, copy=False will likely return non-contiguous arrays. Furthermore, more than one element of a broadcast array may refer to a single memory location. If you need to write to the arrays, make copies first.

New in version 1.7.0.

Returns:

X1, X2,..., XN : ndarray

For vectors x1, x2,..., ?xn? with lengths Ni=len(xi) , return (N1, N2, N3,...Nn) shaped arrays if indexing=?ij? or (N2, N1, N3,...Nn) shaped arrays if indexing=?xy? with the elements of xi repeated to fill the matrix along the first dimension for x1, the second for x2 and so on.

Notes

This function supports both indexing conventions through the indexing keyword argument. Giving the string ?ij? returns a meshgrid with matrix indexing, while ?xy? returns a meshgrid with Cartesian indexing. In the 2-D case with inputs of length M and N, the outputs are of shape (N, M) for ?xy? indexing and (M, N) for ?ij? indexing. In the 3-D case with inputs of length M, N and P, outputs are of shape (N, M, P) for ?xy? indexing and (M, N, P) for ?ij? indexing. The difference is illustrated by the following code snippet:

xv, yv = meshgrid(x, y, sparse=False, indexing='ij')
for i in range(nx):
    for j in range(ny):
        # treat xv[i,j], yv[i,j]
 
xv, yv = meshgrid(x, y, sparse=False, indexing='xy')
for i in range(nx):
    for j in range(ny):
        # treat xv[j,i], yv[j,i]

In the 1-D and 0-D case, the indexing and sparse keywords have no effect.

Examples

>>> nx, ny = (3, 2)
>>> x = np.linspace(0, 1, nx)
>>> y = np.linspace(0, 1, ny)
>>> xv, yv = meshgrid(x, y)
>>> xv
array([[ 0. ,  0.5,  1. ],
       [ 0. ,  0.5,  1. ]])
>>> yv
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 1.,  1.,  1.]])
>>> xv, yv = meshgrid(x, y, sparse=True)  # make sparse output arrays
>>> xv
array([[ 0. ,  0.5,  1. ]])
>>> yv
array([[ 0.],
       [ 1.]])

meshgrid is very useful to evaluate functions on a grid.

>>> x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)
>>> y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)
>>> xx, yy = meshgrid(x, y, sparse=True)
>>> z = np.sin(xx**2 + yy**2) / (xx**2 + yy**2)
>>> h = plt.contourf(x,y,z)

Links:

https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.11.0/reference/generated/numpy.meshgrid.html

doc_NumPy

2025-01-10 15:47:30

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