os.path.isdir(path) Return True if path is an existing directory. This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true for the same path.

os.path.isabs(path) Return True if path is an absolute pathname. On Unix, that means it begins with a slash, on Windows that it begins with a (back)slash after chopping off a potential drive letter.

os.path.getsize(path) Return the size, in bytes, of path. Raise OSError if the file does not exist or is inaccessible.

os.path.getmtime(path) Return the time of last modification of path. The return value is a number giving the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time module). Raise OSError if the file does not exist or is inaccessible. If os.stat_float_times() returns True, the result is a floating point number.

os.path.getctime(path) Return the system’s ctime which, on some systems (like Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the creation time for path. The return value is a number giving the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time module). Raise OSError if the file does not exist or is inaccessible.

os.path.getatime(path) Return the time of last access of path. The return value is a number giving the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time module). Raise OSError if the file does not exist or is inaccessible. If os.stat_float_times() returns True, the result is a floating point number.

os.path.expandvars(path) Return the argument with environment variables expanded. Substrings of the form $name or ${name} are replaced by the value of environment variable name. Malformed variable names and references to non-existing variables are left unchanged. On Windows, %name% expansions are supported in addition to $name and ${name}.

os.path.expanduser(path) On Unix and Windows, return the argument with an initial component of ~ or ~user replaced by that user‘s home directory. On Unix, an initial ~ is replaced by the environment variable HOME if it is set; otherwise the current user’s home directory is looked up in the password directory through the built-in module pwd. An initial ~user is looked up directly in the password directory. On Windows, HOME and USERPROFILE will be used if set, otherwise a combination of HOMEPA

os.path.exists(path) Return True if path refers to an existing path or an open file descriptor. Returns False for broken symbolic links. On some platforms, this function may return False if permission is not granted to execute os.stat() on the requested file, even if the path physically exists. Changed in version 3.3: path can now be an integer: True is returned if it is an open file descriptor, False otherwise.

os.path.dirname(path) Return the directory name of pathname path. This is the first element of the pair returned by passing path to the function split().