os.mkfifo(path, mode=0o666, *, dir_fd=None) Create a FIFO (a named pipe) named path with numeric mode mode. The current umask value is first masked out from the mode. This function can also support paths relative to directory descriptors. FIFOs are pipes that can be accessed like regular files. FIFOs exist until they are deleted (for example with os.unlink()). Generally, FIFOs are used as rendezvous between “client” and “server” type processes: the server opens the FIFO for reading, and the

os.mkdir(path, mode=0o777, *, dir_fd=None) Create a directory named path with numeric mode mode. If the directory already exists, FileExistsError is raised. On some systems, mode is ignored. Where it is used, the current umask value is first masked out. If bits other than the last 9 (i.e. the last 3 digits of the octal representation of the mode) are set, their meaning is platform-dependent. On some platforms, they are ignored and you should call chmod() explicitly to set them. This function

os.minor(device) Extract the device minor number from a raw device number (usually the st_dev or st_rdev field from stat).

os.makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False) Recursive directory creation function. Like mkdir(), but makes all intermediate-level directories needed to contain the leaf directory. The mode parameter is passed to mkdir(); see the mkdir() description for how it is interpreted. If exist_ok is False (the default), an OSError is raised if the target directory already exists. Note makedirs() will become confused if the path elements to create include pardir (eg. ”..” on UNIX systems). This fun

os.makedev(major, minor) Compose a raw device number from the major and minor device numbers.

os.major(device) Extract the device major number from a raw device number (usually the st_dev or st_rdev field from stat).

os.lstat(path, *, dir_fd=None) Perform the equivalent of an lstat() system call on the given path. Similar to stat(), but does not follow symbolic links. Return a stat_result object. On platforms that do not support symbolic links, this is an alias for stat(). As of Python 3.3, this is equivalent to os.stat(path, dir_fd=dir_fd, follow_symlinks=False). This function can also support paths relative to directory descriptors. See also The stat() function. Changed in version 3.2: Added support

os.lseek(fd, pos, how) Set the current position of file descriptor fd to position pos, modified by how: SEEK_SET or 0 to set the position relative to the beginning of the file; SEEK_CUR or 1 to set it relative to the current position; SEEK_END or 2 to set it relative to the end of the file. Return the new cursor position in bytes, starting from the beginning.

os.lockf(fd, cmd, len) Apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file descriptor. fd is an open file descriptor. cmd specifies the command to use - one of F_LOCK, F_TLOCK, F_ULOCK or F_TEST. len specifies the section of the file to lock. Availability: Unix. New in version 3.3.

os.listxattr(path=None, *, follow_symlinks=True) Return a list of the extended filesystem attributes on path. The attributes in the list are represented as strings decoded with the filesystem encoding. If path is None, listxattr() will examine the current directory. This function can support specifying a file descriptor and not following symlinks.