Defined in header <cmath> float log10( float arg ); (1) double log10( double arg ); (2) long double log10( long double arg ); (3) double log10( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Computes the common (base-10) logarithm of arg. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters arg - value of floating-point or Integral type

Defined in header <cmath> float atanh( float arg ); (1) (since C++11) double atanh( double arg ); (2) (since C++11) long double atanh( long double arg ); (3) (since C++11) double atanh( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) Computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of arg. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters arg - value of a

unsigned long to_ulong() const Converts the contents of the bitset to an unsigned long integer. The first bit of the bitset corresponds to the least significant digit of the number and the last bit corresponds to the most significant digit. Parameters (none). Return value the converted integer. Exceptions throws std::overflow_error if the value can not be represented in unsigned long. Example #include <iostream> #include <bitset> int main() { for (unsigne

The floating-point environment is the set of floating-point status flags and control modes supported by the implementation. It is thread-local, each thread inherits the initial state of its floating-point environment from the parent thread. Floating-point operations modify the floating-point status flags to indicate abnormal results or auxiliary information. The state of floating-point control modes affects the outcomes of some floating-point operations. The floating-point environment access an

std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> str() const; (1) void str( const std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>& s); (2) Gets and sets the underlying string. 1) Creates and returns a std::basic_string object containing a copy of this std::basic_stringbuf's underlying character sequence. For input-only streams, the returned string contains the characters from the range [eback(), egptr()). For input/output or output-only streams, contains the characters fro

static std::time_t to_time_t( const time_point& t ); (since C++11) Converts t to a std::time_t type. If std::time_t has lower precision, it is implementation-defined whether the value is rounded or truncated. Parameters t - system clock time point to convert Return value A std::time_t value representing t. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept See also from_time_t [static] converts std::time_t to a system clock time point (public static member funct

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for |=

For an unqualified name, that is a name that does not appear to the right of a scope resolution operator ::, name lookup examines the scopes as described below, until it finds at least one declaration of any kind, at which time the lookup stops and no further scopes are examined. (Note: lookup from some contexts skips some declarations, for example, lookup of the name used to the left of :: ignores function, variable, and enumerator declarations, lookup of a name used as a base class specifier

bool empty() const; Checks if the container has no elements, i.e. whether begin() == end(). Parameters (none). Return value true if the container is empty, false otherwise. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant. Example The following code uses empty to check if a std::list<int> contains any elements: #include <list> #include <iostream> int main() { std::list<int> numbers; s

Defined in header <cwctype> int iswupper( std::wint_t ch ); Checks if the given wide character is an uppercase letter, i.e. one of ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ or any uppercase letter specific to the current locale. Parameters ch - wide character Return value Non-zero value if the wide character is an uppercase letter, zero otherwise. Example #include <iostream> #include <cwctype> #include <clocale> int main() { wchar_t c = L'\u053d'