Defined in header <string> template <class CharT, class Traits, class Allocator> std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os, const std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>& str); (1) template <class CharT, class Traits, class Allocator> std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits>& operator>>(std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits>& is,

Defined in header <locale> public: void close( catalog c ) const; (1) protected: virtual void do_close( catalog c ) const; (2) 1) public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_close of the most derived class. 2) Releases the implementation-defined resources associated with an open catalog that is designated by the value c of type catalog (inherited from std::messages_base), which was obtained from open(). Parameters c - a valid open ca

basic_string& erase( size_type index = 0, size_type count = npos ); (1) (2) iterator erase( iterator position ); (until C++11) iterator erase( const_iterator position ); (since C++11) (3) iterator erase( iterator first, iterator last ); (until C++11) iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last ); (since C++11) Removes specified characters from the string. 1) Removes min(count, size() - index) characters starting at index. 2) Removes the charac

float load_factor() const; (since C++11) Returns the average number of elements per bucket. Parameters (none). Return value Average number of elements per bucket. Complexity Constant. See also max_load_factor manages maximum average number of elements per bucket (public member function)

std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator> str() const; (1) void str(const std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>& new_str); (2) Manages the contents of the underlying string object. 1) Returns a copy of the underlying string as if by calling rdbuf()->str(). 2) Replaces the contents of the underlying string as if by calling rdbuf()->str(new_str). Parameters new_str - new contents of the underlying string Return value 1) a copy of the underlyin

Defined in header <ratio> template< class R1, class R2 > using ratio_add = /* see below */; The alias template std::ratio_add denotes the result of adding two exact rational fractions represented by the std::ratio specializations R1 and R2. The result is a std::ratio specialization std::ratio<U, V>, such that given Num == R1::num * R2::den + R2::num * R1::den and Denom == R1::den * R2::den (computed without arithmetic overflow), U is std::ratio<Num, Denom>

explicit student_t_distribution( RealType n = 1 ); (1) (since C++11) explicit student_t_distribution( const param_type& params ); (2) (since C++11) Constructs new distribution object. The first version uses n as the distribution parameter, the second version uses params as the distribution parameter. Parameters n - the n distribution parameter (degrees of freedom) params - the distribution parameter set

reference operator[]( size_type pos ); const_reference operator[]( size_type pos ) const; Returns a reference to the element at specified location pos. No bounds checking is performed. Parameters pos - position of the element to return Return value Reference to the requested element. Complexity Constant. Notes Unlike std::map::operator[], this operator never inserts a new element into the container. Example The following code uses operator[] to read f

void swap( queue& other ); (since C++11) Exchanges the contents of the container adaptor with those of other. Effectively calls using std::swap; swap(c, other.c); Parameters other - container adaptor to exchange the contents with Return value (none). Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept(noexcept(std::swap(c, other.c))) Complexity Same as underlying container (typically constant). See also std::swap(std::queue) specializes the std::swap algorithm (

The friend declaration appears in a class body and grants a function or another class access to private and protected members of the class where the friend declaration appears. Syntax friend function-declaration (1) friend function-definition (2) friend elaborated-class-name ; (3) friend simple-type-specifier ; friend typename-specifier ; (4) (since C++11) Description 1) Designates a function or several functions as friends of this class class Y { int data;