Defined in header <cwchar> wint_t fputwc( wchar_t ch, std::FILE* stream ); wint_t putwc( wchar_t ch, std::FILE* stream ); Writes a wide character ch to the given output stream stream. putwc() may be implemented as a macro and may evaluate stream more than once. Parameters ch - wide character to be written stream - the output stream Return value ch on success, WEOF on failure. If an encoding error occurs, errno is set to EILSEQ. See also fputcp

const T* begin() const; (since C++11) (until C++14) constexpr const T* begin() const; (since C++14) Returns a pointer to the first element in the initializer list. If the initializer list is empty, the values of begin() and end() are unspecified, but will be identical. Parameters (none). Return value a pointer to the first element in the initializer list. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Complexity Constant. See also end returns a pointer to one pas

static char_type to_char_type( int_type c ); (until C++11) static constexpr char_type to_char_type( int_type c ); (since C++11) Converts a value of int_type to char_type. If there are no equivalent value, the results are unspecified. Parameters c - value to convert Return value A value equivalent to c. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant.

void swap( stack& other ); (since C++11) Exchanges the contents of the container adaptor with those of other. Effectively calls using std::swap; swap(c, other.c); Parameters other - container adaptor to exchange the contents with Return value (none). Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept(noexcept(std::swap(c, other.c))) Complexity Same as underlying container (typically constant). See also std::swap(std::stack) specializes the std::swap algorithm (

std::basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>* rdbuf() const; (since C++11) Returns pointer to the underlying raw file device object. Parameters (none). Return value Pointer to the underlying raw file device. Example

void unique(); (1) template< class BinaryPredicate > void unique( BinaryPredicate p ); (2) Removes all consecutive duplicate elements from the container. Only the first element in each group of equal elements is left. The first version uses operator== to compare the elements, the second version uses the given binary predicate p. Parameters p - binary predicate which returns ​true if the elements should be treated as equal. The signature of the predicate function shou

(1) private: ios_base( const ios_base& ); (until C++11) public: ios_base( const ios_base& ) = delete; (since C++11) protected: ios_base(); (2) 1) The copy constuctor is deleted: streams are not copyable. 2) The default constructor is protected: only derived classes may construct std::ios_base. The internal state is undefined after the construction. The derived class must call basic_ios::init() to complete initialization before first use or before destructor, otherwis

bool operator==( const bitset<N>& rhs ) const; (1) bool operator!=( const bitset<N>& rhs ) const; (2) 1) Returns true if all of the bits in *this and rhs are equal. 2) Returns true if any of the bits in *this and rhs are not equal. Parameters rhs - bitset to compare Return value 1) true if the value of each bit in *this equals the value of the corresponding bit in rhs, otherwise false. 2) true if !(*this == rhs), otherwise false. Example Compa

CharT& back(); (since C++11) const CharT& back() const; (since C++11) Returns reference to the last character in the string. The behavior is undefined if empty() == true. Parameters (none). Return value reference to the last character, equivalent to operator[](size() - 1). Complexity Constant. Example #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { { std::string s("Exemplary"); char& back = s.back(); back = 's'; std::cou

Defined in header <locale> template< class charT > bool islower( charT ch, const locale& loc ); Checks if the given character is classified as a lowercase alphabetic character by the given locale's std::ctype facet. Parameters ch - character loc - locale Return value Returns true if the character is classified as lowercase, false otherwise. Possible implementation template< class charT > bool islower( charT ch, const std::locale&