C++ includes a variety of utility libraries that provide functionality ranging from bit-counting to partial function application. These libraries can be broadly divided into two groups: language support libraries, and general-purpose libraries. Language support Language support libraries provide classes and functions that interact closely with language features and support common language idioms. Type support Basic types (e.g. std::size_t, std::nullptr_t), RTTI (e.g. std::type_info)

Defined in header <typeindex> class type_index; (since C++11) The type_index class is a wrapper class around a std::type_info object, that can be used as index in associative and unordered associative containers. The relationship with type_info object is maintained through a pointer, therefore type_index is CopyConstructible and CopyAssignable. Member functions (constructor) constructs the object (public member function) (destructor) (implicitly declared) destr

RealType alpha() const; (1) (since C++11) RealType beta() const; (2) (since C++11) Returns the distribution parameters the distribution has been constructed with. 1) Returns the α distribution parameter. It is also known as the shape parameter. The default value is 1.0. 2) Returns the β distribution parameter. It is also known as the scale parameter. The default value is 1.0. Parameters (none). Return value 1) Floating point value identifying the α parameter 2) Floating

Usage alternative operators: as an alternative for |

Defined in header <fstream> template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class basic_ifstream : public std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits> The class template basic_ifstream implements high-level input operations on file based streams. It interfaces a file-based streambuffer (std::basic_filebuf) with the high-level interface of (std::basic_istream). A typical implementation of std::basic_ifstream holds only one non-derived data me

This header is part of the Input/Output library. Includes <iosfwd> Classes ios_base manages formatting flags and input/output exceptions (class) basic_ios manages an arbitrary stream buffer (class template) fpos represents absolute position in a stream or a file (class template) io_errc (C++11) the IO stream error codes (enum) iostream_category (C++11) identifies the iostream error category (function) is_error_code_enum<std::io_errc> (C++11

void freeze( bool freezefl = true ); If the buffer uses dynamic allocation, sets the frozen status of the stream to freezefl. While the stream is frozen, overflow() will not reallocate the buffer and the destructor will not deallocate the buffer (thereby causing a memory leak). Parameters freezefl - new value to set the freeze status to Return value (none). Notes Every call to str() freezes the stream to preserve the validity of the pointer it returns. To allow the dest

virtual const char* what() const; Returns the explanatory string. Parameters (none). Return value Pointer to a null-terminated string with explanatory information. The pointer is guaranteed to be valid at least until the exception object from which it is obtained is destroyed, or until a non-const member function on the exception object is called. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11)

Defined in header <mutex> template< class Mutex > class unique_lock; (since C++11) The class unique_lock is a general-purpose mutex ownership wrapper allowing deferred locking, time-constrained attempts at locking, recursive locking, transfer of lock ownership, and use with condition variables. The class unique_lock is movable, but not copyable -- it meets the requirements of MoveConstructible and MoveAssignable but not of CopyConstructible or CopyAssignable. The clas

void unsetf( fmtflags flags ); Unsets the formatting flags identified by flags. Parameters flags - formatting flags to unset. It can be a combination of the following constants: Constant Explanation dec use decimal base for integer I/O: see std::dec oct use octal base for integer I/O: see std::oct hex use hexadecimal base for integer I/O: see std::hex basefield dec|oct|hex|0. Useful for masking operations left left adjustment (adds fill characters to the r