Defined in header <valarray> template< class T > valarray<T> sinh( const valarray<T>& va ); For each element in va computes hyperbolic sine of the value of the element. Parameters va - value array to apply the operation to Return value Value array containing hyperbolic sine of the values in va. Notes Unqualified function (sinh) is used to perform the computation. If such function is not available, std::sinh is used due to argument depe

Defined in header <locale> public: iter_type put( iter_type out, std::ios_base& str, char_type fill, const std::tm* t, const CharT* fmtbeg, const CharT* fmtend ) const; (1) public: iter_type put( iter_type out, std::ios_base& str, char_type fill, const std::tm* t, char format, char modifier = 0 ) const; (2) protected: virtual iter_type do_put( iter_type out, std::ios_base& str,

Functions are C++ entities that associate a sequence of statements (a function body) with a name and a list of zero or more function parameters. // function name: "isodd" // parameter list has one parameter, with name "n" and type int // the return type is bool bool isodd(int n) { // the body of the function begins return n % 2; } // the body of the function ends When a function is invoked, e.g. in a function-call expression, the parameters are init

Optimizes out copy- and move-constructors, resulting in zero-copy pass-by-value semantics. Explanation Under the following circumstances, the compilers are permitted to omit the copy- and move-constructors of class objects even if copy/move constructor and the destructor have observable side-effects. If a function returns a class type by value, and the return statement's expression is the name of a non-volatile object with automatic storage duration, which isn't the function parameter, or a

Defined in header <exception> template< class E > void rethrow_if_nested( const E& e ); (since C++11) If E is not a polymorphic class type, does nothing. Otherwise, if dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception&>(e) would succeed (i.e., if E or the dynamic type (the most derived type) of the object referenced by e is std::nested_exception or publicly and unambiguously derived from std::nested_exception), extracts and throws the nested exception as if by ca

Defined in header <cmath> float log( float arg ); (1) double log( double arg ); (2) long double log( long double arg ); (3) double log( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) 1-3) Computes the the natural (base e) logarithm of arg. 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters arg - value of floating-point or Integral type Retu

Destructs object(s) previously allocated by the new expression and releases obtained memory area. Syntax ::(optional) delete    expression (1) ::(optional) delete [] expression (2) 1) Destroys one non-array object created by a new-expression 2) Destroys an array created by a new[]-expression Explanation For the first (non-array) form, expression must be a pointer to a complete object type or a class type contextually implicitly convertible to such pointer, and its value

Defined in header <cmath> float cos( float arg ); (1) double cos( double arg ); (2) long double cos( long double arg ); (3) double cos( Integral arg ); (4) (since C++11) Computes the cosine of arg (measured in radians). 4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to 2) (the argument is cast to double). Parameters arg - value representing angle in radians, of a floating-point o

Defined in header <cstdlib> void* calloc( std::size_t num, std::size_t size ); Allocates memory for an array of num objects of size size and initializes it to all bits zero. If allocation succeeds, returns a pointer to the lowest (first) byte in the allocated memory block that is suitably aligned for any object type. If size is zero, the behavior is implementation defined (null pointer may be returned, or some non-null pointer may be returned that may not be used to access

Order of evaluation of the operands of almost all C++ operators (including the order of evaluation of function arguments in a function-call expression and the order of evaluation of the subexpressions within any expression) is unspecified. The compiler can evaluate operands in any order, and may choose another order when the same expression is evaluated again. There are several exceptions to this rule (e.g. for the &&, ||, and , operators) which are noted below. Otherwise, there is no c