Defined in header <iostream> extern std::ostream cerr; (1) extern std::wostream wcerr; (2) The global objects std::cerr and std::wcerr control output to a stream buffer of implementation-defined type (derived from std::streambuf and std::wstreambuf, respectively), associated with the standard C error output stream stderr. These objects are guaranteed to be initialized during or before the first time an object of type std::ios_base::Init is constructed and are availabl

result_type min() const; (since C++11) Returns the minimum value potentially generated by the distribution. Parameters (none). Return value The minimum value potentially generated by the distribution. Complexity Constant. See also max returns the maximum potentially generated value (public member function)

explicit cauchy_distribution( RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0 ); (1) (since C++11) explicit cauchy_distribution( const param_type& params ); (2) (since C++11) Constructs a new distribution object. The first version uses a and b as the distribution parameters, the second version uses params as the distribution parameters. Parameters a - the a distribution parameter (location) b - the b distribution parameter (scale) params - the distribution parameter set

Defined in header <random> template< class RealType = double > class cauchy_distribution; (since C++11) Produces random numbers according to a Cauchy distribution (also called Lorentz distribution): f(x; a,b) = ⎛⎜⎝bπ ⎡⎢⎣1 + ⎛⎜⎝ x - ab ⎞⎟⎠2⎤⎥⎦⎞⎟⎠-1 std::cauchy_distribution satisfies all requirements of RandomNumberDistribution. Template parameters RealType - The result type generated by the generator. The effect is undefined if this is not one of float, d

RealType a() const; (1) (since C++11) RealType b() const; (2) (since C++11) Returns the distribution parameters with which the distribution was constructed. 1) Returns the a parameter. It specifies the location of the peak and is also called location parameter. The default value is 0.0. 2) Returns the b parameter. It represents the half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) and is also called scale parameter. The default value is 1.0. Parameters (none). Return value 1) The value o

param_type param() const; (1) (since C++11) void param( const param_type& params ); (2) (since C++11) Manages the associated distribution parameter set. 1) Returns the associated parameter set. 2) Sets the associated parameter set to params. Parameters params - new contents of the associated parameter set Return value 1) The associated parameter set. 2) (none). Complexity Constant.

result_type max() const; (since C++11) Returns the maximum value potentially generated by the distribution. Parameters (none). Return value The maximum value potentially generated by the distribution. Complexity Constant. See also min returns the minimum potentially generated value (public member function)

Defined in header <cstdlib> void* calloc( std::size_t num, std::size_t size ); Allocates memory for an array of num objects of size size and initializes it to all bits zero. If allocation succeeds, returns a pointer to the lowest (first) byte in the allocated memory block that is suitably aligned for any object type. If size is zero, the behavior is implementation defined (null pointer may be returned, or some non-null pointer may be returned that may not be used to access

Defined in header <cuchar> std::size_t c32rtomb( char* s, char32_t c32, std::mbstate_t* ps ); (since C++11) Converts a UTF-32 character to its narrow multibyte representation. If s is not a null pointer, the function determines the number of bytes necessary to store the multibyte character representation of c32 (including any shift sequences), and stores the multibyte character representation in the character array whose first element is pointed to by s. At most MB_CUR_MAX

Defined in header <cuchar> std::size_t c16rtomb( char* s, char16_t c16, std::mbstate_t* ps ); (since C++11) Converts a UCS-2 code point to narrow multibyte character. If s is not a null pointer, the function determines the number of bytes necessary to store the multibyte character representation of c16 (including any shift sequences), and stores the multibyte character representation in the character array whose first element is pointed to by s. At most MB_CUR_MAX bytes can