iterator end(); const_iterator end() const; const_iterator cend() const; (since C++11) Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of the container. This element acts as a placeholder; attempting to access it results in undefined behavior. Parameters (none). Return value Iterator to the element following the last element. Exceptions (none) (until C++11) noexcept specification: noexcept (since C++11) Complexity Constant. See also begin

(1) void erase( iterator pos ); (until C++11) iterator erase( iterator pos ); (since C++17) iterator erase( const_iterator pos ); (since C++11) (2) void erase( iterator first, iterator last ); (until C++11) iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last ); (since C++11) size_type erase( const key_type& key ); (3) Removes specified elements from the container. 1) Removes the element at pos. 2) Removes the elements in the range [first; last),

protected: virtual int_type underflow() Reads the next character from the get area of the buffer. Specifically: 1) If the input sequence has a read position available (egptr() > gptr()), returns Traits::to_int_type(*gptr()) 2) Otherwise, if pptr() > egptr() (some characters were inserted into the stream since the last time overflow() changed egptr()) then extends the end of the get area to include the most recently inserted characters, by changing egptr() to equal pptr(), and t

Defined in header <memory> void declare_no_pointers( char *p, std::size_t n ); (since C++11) Informs the garbage collector or leak detector that the specified memory region (n bytes beginning at the byte pointed to by p) contains no traceable pointers. If any part of the region is within an allocated object, the entire region must be contained in the same object. Parameters p - pointer to the beginning of the range n - the number of bytes in the range Ret

void swap( set& other ); Exchanges the contents of the container with those of other. Does not invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is invalidated. The Pred objects must be Swappable, and they are exchanged using unqualified call to non-member swap. If std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::propagate_on_container_swap::value is true, then the allocators are exchanged using an unq

Defined in header <locale> public: long hash( const CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; (1) protected: virtual long do_hash( const CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const; (2) 1) Public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_hash of the most derived class. 2) Converts the character sequence [beg, end) to an integer value that is equal to the hash obtained for all strings that collate equivalent in this locale (compare() returns ​0​). For two

long use_count() const; (since C++11) Returns the number of shared_ptr instances that share ownership of the managed object, or ​0​ if the managed object has already been deleted, i.e. *this is empty. Parameters (none). Return value The number of shared_ptr instances sharing the ownership of the managed object. Exceptions noexcept specification: noexcept Notes expired() may be faster than use_count(). Example See also expired checks whether the referenced object

std::size_t size() const; Returns the number of elements in the valarray. Parameters (none). Return value Number of elements in the valarray. Example See also resize changes the size of valarray (public member function)

Conditionally executes another statement. Used where code needs to be executed based on a run-time condition. Syntax attr(optional) if ( condition ) statement_true attr(optional) if ( condition ) statement_true else statement_false attr(C++11) - any number of attributes condition - one of expression which is contextually convertible to bool declaration of a single non-array variable with a brace-or-equals initializer. statement_true - any statement (often a

Usage try-catch block